Phospholipids & Glycolipids Flashcards
Phospholipids are amphipathic.
Lipids are insoluble in water since they contain a predominance of nonpolar (hydrocarbon) groups.
Some lipids contain ………….
Therefore, a part of the molecule is ……….. ‘water insoluble’ and a part is ………..’water soluble’
polar groups
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
Glycerophospholipds are also called
phosphoglycerides
Glycerophospholipids are
membrane lipids in which 2 fatty acids are attached in ester linkage to the 1st and 2nd carbons of glycerol, and a highly polar or charged group is attached through a phosphodiester linkage to the 3rd carbon
A glycerophospholipid has
polar and nonpolar regions
Phosphoglycerides are a major constituent of
cell membranes
Glycerophospholipds are named as
derivatives of the parent compound, phosphatic acid, according to the polar alcohol in the head group
A polar group is usually esterified to
Pi (usually serine, choline, ethanolamine, glycerol, or inositol)
In phosphoglycerides,
structure=function
In phosphoglycerides : polar region- nonpolar region- ........... character ideal for forming ...........
glycerol, phosphate group, X
fatty acid
amphiphatic
bilayers
Glycolipids are important in
nerve tissues and in the cell membrane
Glycolipids are lipids with an attached
carbs or carb chains
Glycolipids are widely distributed in every
tissue of the body, particularly in nervous tissue such as brain
Glycolipids occur in the
outer leaflet of the plasma membrane , whre they contribute to cell surface carbs
The major glycolipids found in
animal tissues are glycosphingolipids
The major glycolipids found in
animal tissues are glycosphingolipids
The major glycolipids found in
animal tissues are glycosphingolipids
Sphingolipids are a large class of membrane lipids which have a
polar head group and 2 nonpolar tails
How are sphingolipids different from glycerophospholipids?
they contain no glycerol
Sphingolipids are composed of 1 molecules of the
long chain amino alcohol sphingosine
one molecule of a long-chain fatty acid
a polar head group that is joined by a glycosidic linkage in somecases and a phosphodiester in others
Carbonds ___, ___, and __ of the sphingosine molecule are structurally ______ to the 3 carbons of ______ in glycerophospholipis
C-1 C-2 C-3
analogous
glycerol
When a fatty acid is attached in amide linkage to the –NH2 on
C-2, the resulting compound is a ceramide
What are the structural parents of all sphingolipids?
ceramides
What are the 3 subclasses of sphingolipids?
sphingomyelins
neutral (uncharged) glycolipids
gangliosides
Sphingomyelins contain
phosphochoine or phosphoethanolamine as their polar head group
In sphingomyelins are classified along with
glycerophospholipids as phospholipids
Sphingomyelins are present in the plasma membranes of animal cells and are especially prominent in
myelin, a membranous sheath that surrounds and insulates the axons of some neurons
Sphingomyelins are present in the plasma membranes of animal cells and are especially prominent in
myelin, a membranous sheath that surrounds and insulates the axons of some neurons
Cerebroside
a sphingolipid (ceramide) with a monosaccharide such as glucose or galactose as polar head group
Ganglioside
a ceramide with polar head group that is a complex oligosaccharide, including the acidic sugar derivative sialic acid
Both are cerebroside and gangliosides are known as
glycosphingolipids and are commonly found on the outer leaflet of the cell membrane
Sphingolipids are
derivatives of sphingosine
Sphingolipids at cell surfaces area sites of
biological recognition
Glycosphingolipids as determinants of
blood groups
