Derived Lipids Flashcards
Derived lipids include:
steroids eicosanoids carotenoids ketone bodies fatty acids lipid soluble vitamins
Eicosanoids
a group of hormone like compounds derived from arachidonic acid
Eicosanoids are made up of
prostanoids
leukotrienes
Prostanoids include
prostaglandins (PGs)
prostacyclins (PGIs)
thromboxanes (TXs)
Leukotrienes include
LTS and Lipoxins (LXs)
Sterols are
structural lipids present in cell membranes
The steroid nucleus is almost
planar and is relatively rigid
Steroids are
derivatives of sterols
Cholesterol is
amphipathic, with a polar head group (the hydroxyl group at C-3), and a nonpolar hydrocarbon body
Cholesterol is the precursor of a large number of important
steroids like bile acids, sex hormones, and D vitamins
Cholesterol is often found as
cholesteryl ester
Bile acids are
polar derivatives of cholesterol
The primary bile acids are
formed in the liver, cholic acid
The secondary bile acids, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid are formed
by the action of intestinal bacteria
Steroid hormones move through the blood
on protein carriers to target tissues
Steroid hormones bind to
receptor proteins in the nucleus, and trigger changes in gene expression
The steroid hormones are
sex hormones, cortisol, and aldosterone
Carotenoids are
one type of natural pigment e.g. B carotene
Carotenoids have
antioxidant and antimalignant properties
What are carotenoids converted to in the intestine?
vitamin A
Ketone bodies are the
water soluble molecules produced by the liver form fatty acids
Ketone bodies include
acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone
Ketone bodies are produced during ………….
Ketone bodies can be utilized as ………..
periods of fasting
fuel in the heart, brain, and muscles
