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Biochemistry > Fatty Acids > Flashcards

Fatty Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Fatty acids are

A

carboxylic acids with hydrocarbon chains

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2
Q

Fatty acids occur in the body mainly as ______ in natural ____ and _____, or found in the un-esterified form as free _____ _______ (FFA)

A

esters, fat, and oils

free fatty acids

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3
Q

The most commonly occurring fatty acids have _____ numbers of carbon atoms in an ________ chain of __ to __ carbons.

A

even
unbranched
12 to 24

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4
Q

Phytanic acid (18C) is a ________ chain fatty acid with 4 _______ groups found in _____ products.

A

branched, methyl , milk

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5
Q

Standard nomenclature assigns the number __ to the _________ carbon (C-1) and (a) to the carbon next to it.

A

1, carboxyl

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6
Q

The position of any double bond(s) is indicated by (delta) followed by a ________ number indicating the lower-numbered carbon in the double bond.

A

superscript

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7
Q

Fatty acids can be classified by

A

the number of double bonds

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8
Q

Fatty acids can be classified as

A

Saturated FA

Unsaturated FA

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9
Q

Saturated FA

A

contains no double bonds

systematic nomenclature names end in -anoic, e.g. octanoic acid

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10
Q

Unsaturated FA

A

contains one or more double bonds

names end in -enoic, e.g. octadecenoic acid

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11
Q

Unsaturated FAs can occur in the form of

A
  1. cis FA (naturally occurring fatty acids in mammals)

2. Trans FA (produced by fermentation or partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils in the food industry)

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12
Q

Name 4 things that are rich in trans fats.

A

margarine
fast foods
baked goods
snacks

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13
Q

Trans fats raise the level of

A

triacyclglycerols and LDL

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14
Q

Trans fats increase the body’s

A

inflammatory response

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15
Q

Unsaturated fatty acids can be further subdivided as follows:

A

monounsaturated

polysaturated

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16
Q

Monounsaturated

A

fatty acids containing 1 double bond

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17
Q

Polyunsaturated

A

fatty acids containing 2 or more double bonds

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18
Q

Eicosanoids

A

these compounds are derived from eicosa (20-carbon) polyenoic fatty acids

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19
Q

The 2 types of polyunsaturated fats are

A

omega-3 fatty acids

omega-6 fatty acids

20
Q

One type of monounsaturated fat is a

A

omega-9 fatty acid

21
Q

Omega-3 FA

A

PUFAs with a double bond between C-3 and C-4

22
Q

Human do not have the efficient enzymatic capacity to

A

synthesize the omega-3 PUFA

23
Q

Fish oils

A

are rich in omega-3

24
Q

Omega-6

A

PUFAs with a double bond between C-6 and C-7 are omega-6 fatty acids

25
Q

Omega 6 is a component of

A

phospholipids in animals and a precursor of eicosanoids

26
Q

An imbalance of omega-6 and omega-3 PUFAs in the diet can lead to

A

an increased risk of cardiovascular disease

27
Q

Fatty acids can also be classified as

A

essential fatty acids and non essential fatty acids

28
Q

Essential fatty acids

A

-fatty acids that cannot be synthesized in the body

29
Q

Essential fatty acids include

A

linoleic acid (LA) and a-linolenic acid (ALA) and other omega-3-fatty acids

30
Q

Non essential fatty acids

A

these are fatty acids which can be synthesized in the body

31
Q

Non essential fatty acids include

A

all saturated and monounsaturated (1 double bond) fatty acids as palmitoleic and oleic acid

32
Q

Non essential fatty acids include

A

all saturated and monounsaturated (1 double bond) fatty acids as palmitoleic and oleic acid

33
Q

Non essential fatty acids include

A

all saturated and monounsaturated (1 double bond) fatty acids as palmitoleic and oleic acid

33
Q

Non essential fatty acids include

A

all saturated and monounsaturated (1 double bond) fatty acids as palmitoleic and oleic acid

33
Q

Non essential fatty acids include

A

all saturated and monounsaturated (1 double bond) fatty acids as palmitoleic and oleic acid

34
Q

The physcial properties of fatty acids and of compounds that contain them, are largely determined by

A
  • the length of the hydrocarbon chain

- the degree of unsaturation of the hydrocarbon chain

35
Q

Solubility:

the ______ nonpolar hydrocarbon chain accounts for ______ solubility of fatty acids in water

A

long, poor

36
Q

Which fatty acids have lower melting points than the ‘other’?

A

unsaturated FAs have lower melting points than saturated FAs

37
Q

At room temp (25 8C), the saturated FA have a _________ whereas unsaturated FA are _________ ___________.

A

waxy consistency

oily liquids

38
Q

The membrane lipids are more ________ than _________ _______.

A

unsaturated, storage lipids

39
Q

Free FAs circulate in the blood bind

A

non covalently to a protein carrier (albumin)

40
Q

Fatty acids are present in _____ ________ mostly as ________ acid derivatives such as esters or amides

A

blood plasma

carboxylic

41
Q

What are the 3 most common short chain fatty acids? SCFAs

A

acetate
propionate
butyrate

42
Q

What does the oxidation of fatty acids lead to?

A

formation of peroxides, aldehydes, ketones, short chain FAs, and free radicals

43
Q

Interaction with alkalis give

A

FA salts (soap)

44
Q

Scientists believe omega6s are ___-________, while omega- 3s are _____-_________.

A

pro-inflammatory

anti-inflammatory

45
Q

Omega 3s may also improve some mental disorders like

A

depression and schizophrenia

Biochemistry (25 decks)

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