Compound Lipids

Question 1

Compound lipids are

Answer 1

esters of fatty acids groups in addition to an alcohol and a fatty acid

Question 2

Compound lipids include

Answer 2

phospholipids
glycolipids
lipoporteins

Question 3

Phospholipids are an

Answer 3

amphipathic molecule

has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

Question 4

Phospholipids act as barriers to

Answer 4

the passage of polar molecules and ions

Question 5

Phospholipids are classified according to alcohol content into:

Answer 5

glycerophospholipids and sphingophospholipids

Question 6

Glycerophospholipids

Answer 6

alcohol is glycerol

composed of glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate groups, and an alcohol amine

Question 7

Sphingophospholipids

Answer 7

alcohol is sphingosine

they are composed of sphingosine alcohol + 1 fatty acid + phosphate + choline

Question 8

Phosphatidic acid is

Answer 8

a dicylglycerol DAG + phosphate

Question 9

What are the most abundant phospholipids of the cell membrane?

Answer 9

phosphatidylcholines (lecithin)

Question 10

Choline is important in

Answer 10

nervous transmission

Question 11

Phosphatidylethanolamine (cephalin) is an

Answer 11

active factor of coagulation mechanism (clotting)

Question 12

Phosphatidylserine plays a role in

Answer 12

apoptosis

Question 13

Phosphatidylinositol (Lipositol) is a

Answer 13

precursor of 2nd messenger IP3 , it serves as a reservoir of arachidonic acid in membranes

Question 14

Phosphatidylglycerol is a precursor of

Answer 14

cardiolipin

Question 15

Cardiolipin is a major

Answer 15

lipid of mitochondrial membranes

Question 16

What causes mitochondrial dysfunction?

Answer 16

Decreased cardiolipin levels or alterations in its structure or metabolism

Question 17

Plasmalogens are

Answer 17

glycerophospholipids that possess an ether link on carbon one instead of the ester

Question 18

Plasmalogens are abundant

Answer 18

in nerve tissue

Question 19

Plasmalogens constitute as much as

Answer 19

10% of the phospholipids of the brain and muscle

Question 20

Sphingomyelins are phospholipids with

Answer 20

sphingosine + FA+ phosphorylcholine

Question 21

Sphingophospholipids are constituents of

Answer 21

mylein sheaths that are found in the brain and nerve tissue

Question 22

Where do glycolipids largely occur?

Answer 22

in the outer face of plasma membranes

Question 23

Glycolipids are derivatives of

Answer 23

ceramide that is found in all membranes

Question 24

What is ceramide?

Answer 24

sphingosine + FA

Question 25

Ceramides play a key role in

Answer 25

maintaining the skin's water-permeability barrier

Question 26

Neutral glycosphingolipids

Answer 26

cerebrosides | globosides

Question 27

Cerebrosides have

Answer 27

single sugar + ceramide

Question 28

Galactosylceramide

Answer 28

galactose + ceramide | found in myelin

Question 29

Glucosylceramide

Answer 29

glucose + ceramide | found in the plasma membranes of cells in non neural tissues

Question 30

Globosides contain

Answer 30

ceramide and oligosaccharides present in the heart and kidney

Question 31

Acidic glycosphingolipids are | They have 2 types:

Answer 31

negatively charged at physiological pH | gangliosides and sulfatides

Question 32

Gangliosides

Answer 32

the most complex glycosphingolipids and are found primarily in the ganglion cells of the CNS

Question 33

Sulfatides

Answer 33

sufloglycosphingolipids that are sulfated galactocerebrosides -primarily found in the brain and kidneys

Question 34

Lipoproteins consist of

Answer 34

nonpolar lipid core consisting of mainly triacylglycerol and chloesteryl ester

Question 35

Lipoproteins also consist of a

Answer 35

single layer of amphipathic phospholipids and cholesterol molecules

Question 36

The protein moiety of a lipoprotein is known as a

Answer 36

apolipoprotein or apoprotein

Question 37

Chylomicrons are

Answer 37

the largest of the lipoproteins and the least dense because of their rich triacylglycerol content

Question 38

Chylomicrons characteristics

Answer 38

- synthesized from dietary lipids in the intestine | - contain apo A, B48, C and E

Question 39

The partially hydrolyzed chylomicrons remaining in the bloodstream are

Answer 39

chylomicron remnants

Question 40

VLDL | meaning + function

Answer 40

very low density lipoproteins | -secreted from the liver into the bloodstream

Question 41

VLDL remnants are

Answer 41

the residual particles remaining in the bloodstream

Question 42

IDL is?

Answer 42

``` Intermediate-density lipoproteins -specialized class of VLDL remnants ```

Question 43

LDL is

Answer 43

low density lipoporteins | -generated from IDL

Question 44

____ of the LDL is transported back to the __

Answer 44

60%, liver

Question 45

HDL ?

Answer 45

high density lipoproteins involved in cholesterol transport