Derived Lipids 2 Flashcards
Derived lipids include hydrolysis of simple and complex lipids such as:
- fatty acids
- glycerol
- steroids
- other alcohols
- fatty aldehydes
- ketone bodies
- hydrocarbons
- lipid-soluble vitamins and micro-nutrients
- hormones
Fatty acids are derived lipids, since fatty acids are
hydrolytic products of simple and compound lipids
Structure of fatty acids
chemically organic acids with aliphatic hydrocarbon chain of varying length (C2-C26) with mono terminal carboxylic acid group as functional group
Cholesterol is best known for its
aswsociation with atherosclerosis and heart disease
Steroids are the precursor of many equally important steroids including:
- bile acids
- adrenocortical hormones
- sex hormones
- vitamin D
- cardiac glycosides
All steroids have a similar cyclic nucleus resembling
phenanthrene (rings A, B, and C) to which a cyclopentane ring (D) is attached
Steroids include:
chloesterol
estradiol
testosterone
Steroids include:
chloesterol
estradiol
testosterone
Cholesterol is an important part of
cell membranes, has a rigid ring system and a short branched hydrocarbon tail
Cholesterol serves as a component of
membranes of cells (increases or moderates membrane fluidity)
Cholesterol is a precursor
to steroid hormones and bile acids
Cholesterol function
storage and transport -cholesterol esters
Cholesterol is largely _________ but it has one polar group, a _____, making it ___________.
hydrophobic
hydroxyl
amphipathic
Cholesterol structure
- 27 carbon atoms
- at C3 there is a -OH group: so it is an alcohol
Cholesterol is composed of
the steroid nucleus with methyl groups, an alkyl chain, and a hydroxyl group attached
When is cholesterol considered elevated?
If plasma cholesterol exceeds 200-220 mg/dL
Cholesterol is
synthesized in the liver and obtained from foods
Bile salts are synthesized from
cholesterol and stored in the gall bladder
Bile salts emulsify (combined)
fats and oils to give a greater surface area for lipid digesting enzymes
Steroid hormones are produced from
cholesterol
Steroid hormones include sex hormones such as
androgens (testosterone) in males and estrogens (estradiol) in females
