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PSMB > PHBP | Part I > Flashcards

PHBP | Part I Flashcards

1
Q

Science that examines the inter-relationship of the physicochemical properties of the drug, the dosage form, and route of administration on the rate and extent of systemic drug absorption.

A

BIOPHARMACUETICS

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2
Q

The study of the time course of drug movement in the body during absorption, distribution, and elimination.

A

PHARMACOKINETICS

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3
Q

The study of the relation of drug concentration or amount at the site of action and its pharmacologic response.

A

PHARMACODYNAMICS

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4
Q

Metabolism + Excretion

A

Elimination

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5
Q

Distribution + Elimination

A

Disposition

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6
Q

rate at which the solid drug enters into solution

A

DRUG DISSOLUTION

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7
Q

rate limiting step in bioavailability

A

DRUG DISSOLUTION

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8
Q

Equation involved in Drug Dissolution

A

Noyes-Whitney Equation

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9
Q

PS and SA Relationship

A

↓ particle size = ↑ surface area = ↑ absorption

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10
Q

Ratio solubility of the drug at equilibrium in a non-aqueous solvent water phase compared with oil phase (octanol)

A

PARTITION COEFFECIENT

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11
Q

Drugs that have relative relationship with octanol possess ____

A

positive integers

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12
Q

Drugs that have relative relationship with water possess ____

A

negative integers

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13
Q

Drugs that are weak electrolytes (acids or bases) exist in both an ionized form and a nonionized form in solution.

A

Extent of Ionization

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14
Q

The choice of salt form for a drug depends on the desired physical, chemical, or pharmacologic properties.

A

Salt Formation

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15
Q

ability of a drug to exist in more than one crystalline form

A

Polymorphism

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16
Q

ability of a drug to exist as optically active stereoisomers or enantiomers

A

Chirality

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17
Q

Enantiomer of Ibuprofen that is pharmacologically active

A

S-enantiomers

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18
Q

Drugs may exist in hydrated, or solvated form or as an anhydrous molecule

A

Hydrates

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19
Q

species formed by the reversible or irreversible association of two or more interacting molecules or ions

A

Complex

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20
Q

complexes that typically involve a ring-like structure formed by the interaction between a partial ring of atoms and a metal

A

Chelates

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21
Q

Metal in hemoglobin

A

IRON

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22
Q

Metal in insulin

A

Zinc

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23
Q

Metal in cyanocobalamin

A

Cobalt

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24
Q

Delivery of active ingredient from a dosage form into solution

A

Liberation

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25
Q

The process with the slowest rate constant in a system of simultaneous kinetic processes

A

Rate Limiting Step

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26
Q

Serves as the rate limiting step in Liberation

A

Dissolution

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27
Q

The process of uptake of the compound from the site of administration into the systemic circulation.

A

ABSOPRTION

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28
Q

Bound to surface of skin or mucosa

A

Adsorption

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29
Q

Drug reaches the deepest layer of the skin, yet does not reach the blood capillaries

A

Penetration

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30
Q

Penetration and permeation

A

Sorption

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31
Q

Other name of Cell Membrane

A

Plasma membrane

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32
Q

Outermost layer of cell

Semipermeable structure composed primarily of lipids and protein

A

Cell Membrane

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33
Q

Transport food and other molecules into the cell and transport wastes out of the cell

A

Channel proteins

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34
Q

Gather info about the cell’s surroundings

A

Receptor Proteins

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35
Q

Identify the type of cell, important for cell recognition

A

Cell Surface Markers

36
Q

Theory:

Composed of two layers of phospholipids between two surface layers of proteins

A

Lipid bilayer or Unit Membrane Theory

37
Q

Theory:

Consists of globular protein embedded in a dynamic fluid, lipid bilayer matrix proteins embedded in a phospholipid bilayer.

A

Fluid Mosaic Model

38
Q

Moving material in and out of the cell

A

Transport Mechanisms

39
Q

The difference in the amount of a substance inside and outside of the cell

A

Concentration Gradient

40
Q

Major physiologic processes that occur in the gastrointestinal systems (3)

A

-Secretion
-Digestion
-Absorption

41
Q

Total Transit Time

A

0.4 to 5 days

42
Q

Components of Total Transit Time (3)

A

Gastric Emptying
Small Intestinal Transit
Colonic Transit

43
Q

Small Intestinal Transit (time)

A

3-4 hours; 7 hours

44
Q

Fasting state

45
Q

Fed State

A

8-12 hours

46
Q

Oral Cavity secretion level

A

pH 7 (6.2 to 7.6)

47
Q

Salivary amylase which digests starches

48
Q

Lubricant in Oral Cavity

49
Q

Connects pharynx and the cardiac orifice of the stomach

50
Q

pH Level of esophagus

51
Q

Prevents acid reflux from the stomach

A

Esophageal sphincter

52
Q

Stomach
Fasting State
Fed State

A

Fasting State - pH 2-6
Fed State - pH 1.5 to 2

53
Q

Stomach acid secretion is stimulated by _____ and ____

A

Gastrin
Histamine

54
Q

Empty stomach:
____mL of gastric fluid

55
Q

Maximum capacity of stomach

A

1.1 to 1.2L

56
Q

3 Types of Glands (Stomach)

A

-Mucous glands
-Chief (Zymogenic cells)
-Parietal Cells

57
Q

Small intestine duodenum pH level

A

pH 6 to 6.5

58
Q

____ prodrugs are hydrolyzed in SI duodenum

59
Q

____ enzymes are present in SI duodenum

A

Proteolytic

60
Q

SI Duodenum Bile Secretion

A

600mL/day; 750mL/day
400-800mL

61
Q

SI Duodenum pancreatic juice

A

300-500 mL/day

62
Q

____ glands and ____ patches are absent in SI Jejunum

A

Brunner’s glands
Peyer’s Patches

63
Q

Intestinal fluid in SI Jejunum

A

3000mL/day

64
Q

Terminal and longest part of the small intestine

65
Q

Ileum is rich in immune tissue called ______

A

Lymphoid follicles

66
Q

Colon pH

A

pH 55 to 7

67
Q

Drugs that are absorbed well in colon are good candidates for _________ dosage form

A

Oral Sustained-Release

68
Q

Length of rectum

69
Q

Has the greatest capacity for the absorption of drugs from the GI tract

70
Q

The ______ circulation receives about 28% of the cardiac output and is increased after meals.

A

Splanchnic circulation

71
Q

In Lymphatic circulation, drugs are absorbed through _____ or _____ vessels under the microvilli

A

lacteal or lymphatic

72
Q

refers to the transfer of the drug from the blood to extravascular fluids and tissues

A

DISTRIBUTION

73
Q

carries blood to the tissue

74
Q

carries blood to the heart

75
Q

_____ drugs generally diffuse across cell membranes more easily than highly polar or water-soluble drugs.

A

Lipid Soluble Drugs

76
Q

An important factor in determining the initial distribution of drugs

A

Blood Flow

77
Q

Drug diffuse rapidly across the membrane.

A

Perfusion or Flow Limited

78
Q

Drug distribution is limited by slow diffusion of drugs cross the membrane

A

Diffusion or Permeability Limited

79
Q

The ______ of liver are very permeable and allow the passage of large-molecular-weight molecules.

A

Sinusoidal capillaries

80
Q

Layer of glial cells which have tight junctions, surrounds the capillary endothelial of the brain and spinal cord

A

Blood Brain Barrier

81
Q

Alter the permeability of skin and allow drugs and larger molecules to permeate inward or outward.

82
Q

Estimate the extent of drug distribution in the body

A

Volume of distribution (VD)

83
Q

most abundant protein in human blood plasma

84
Q

Low plasma conc binds primarily basic cationic drugs

A

a-acid glycoprotein

85
Q

Macromolecular complexes lipids and protein

A

Lipoprotein

86
Q

45% of total volume
May bind both endogenous and exogenous compounds

A

Erythrocytes

87
Q

Transport certain endogenous subs (corticosteroid)

PSMB (20 decks)

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