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PSMB > Pharma Analysis 1 > Flashcards

Pharma Analysis 1 Flashcards

1
Q

total amount of a class or a group of active plant principles in a given sample

A

Proximate analysis

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2
Q

Amount of a specific constituent
or a single chemical specified
present in the sample.

A

Ultimate analysis

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3
Q

Other names for Classical Method

A

General/ Chemical/ Wet/ Stoichiometric

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4
Q

VOLUME of standard solution reacting with
the analyte

A

Titrimetric→ Volumetric Analysis

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5
Q

WEIGHT of pure analyte or compound of known stoichiometry

A

Gravimetric Analysis

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6
Q

Based on a specific PHYSICAL or
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of the
analyte

A

Instrumental method

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7
Q

More accurate analysis

A

Instrumental method

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8
Q

Method for (Light Absorbed/
Transmitted)

A

Spectrophotometry

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9
Q

Method for (Optical Activity)

A

Polarimetry

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10
Q

Method for (Separation, Identification,
Determination)

A

Chromatography

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11
Q

involves crude drugs (collection
and drying)

A

Miscellaneous or
Special method

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12
Q

transferring of a proton from one
molecule to another

A

Protolysis

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13
Q

gives up a proton per molecule
or ion

A

Monoprotic Acids

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14
Q

can accept one proton

A

Monoprotic Bases-

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15
Q

transferring of a proton from one
molecule to another IDENTICAL MOLECULE

A

Autoprotolysis

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16
Q

Property where a substance can act
either as acid or base

A

Amphotheric

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17
Q

Ability of a buffer solution to resist
changes in pH upon addition of
acid/alkali

A

Buffer Capacity

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18
Q

Amount in g/L of strong base
required to be added to a
solution to change its pH by 1
unit

A

Van Slyke

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19
Q

Higher buffer capacity, the ___ change in pH

A

lower
change in pH

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20
Q

number of moles of solute per liter of
solution

A

MOLARITY

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21
Q

the number of moles of solute
present per kg of solvent

A

MOLALITY

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22
Q

the gram equivalent weight per liter
of solution.

A

NORMALITY

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23
Q

Determination of volume (mL/ liter) of soln.of known concentration
required to react with a given amount of substance to be analyzed.

A

VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS

A K A TITRATION

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24
Q

Sample of substance being analyzed
Active constituent to be analyzed

A

ANALYTE
Aka Titrand

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25
Q

Volumetric or standard solution of known concentration

A

TITRANT
Aka Standard
Solution

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26
Q

chemical capable of changing color at or very near endpoint

A

INDICATOR

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27
Q

shown by the changes of color
→ Practical point / OBSERVABLE

A

ENDPOINT

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28
Q

Theoretical point at which Equivalent amt.of substance have
reacted

A

EQUIVALENCE/
STOICHIOMETRIC
POINT

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29
Q

grams of substance that is chemically equivalent to 1 mL of a
volumetric solution.

A

TITER

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30
Q

is a solution of known concentration or a solution
whose exact concentration is known.

A

Standard Solutions

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31
Q

process of determining the exact concentration of a
solution.

A

Standardization

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32
Q

Substance of
known conc. and
high degree of
purity (99.9%)

A

Primary std.
Solid

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33
Q

Std. Solution of known conc.
Usually standardized by primary std.
Lower degree of purity

A

Secondary std.
Liquid

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34
Q

Type of Titration

Only 1 volumetric solution/standard solution

A

Direct

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35
Q

Type of Titration
Uses 2 volumetric solution

A

Residual/Back
Titration

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36
Q

Types of Titration

Preliminary preparation/ treatment of the sample before introducing the titrant in the analyte

A

Indirect

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37
Q

Types of Titration

Perform the entire titration procedure without the
ANALYTE
To correct errors

A

Blank
determination

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38
Q

Burettes used in titration:

MOHR/ base

A

Rubber tube + pinchcock

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39
Q

Burettes used in titration:
GEISSLER/ acid

A

Glass Stopper

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40
Q

NEUTRALIZATION
TITRANT + ANALYTE =

A

SALT AND WATER

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41
Q

A method designed to determine and
quantify ammonia in ammonium sulfate obtained by
decomposing organic substance with sulfuric acid

A

Kjeldahl Method

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42
Q

To determine composition of certain mixtures (alkaline)

A

Double Indicator
Titration

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43
Q

Analyte is titrated with a standard solution of a
precipitating agent in the presence of suitable
indicator.

A

PRECIPITATION METHOD

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44
Q

The process based on the formation of a complex substance in the
course of analysis.

A

COMPLEXATION METHOD

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45
Q

Molecules which provide a group of attachment to
metal ion

A

Ligand

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46
Q

bind to a metal ion through only one atom

A

Monodentate
ligand

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47
Q

more than 1 group that binds the metal ion

A

Multidentate
ligand

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48
Q

Measure of the strength of the interaction
between the reagents that come together to form
the complex.

A

Stability Constant

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49
Q

release the metal ion from the masking
agent

A

Demasking agents

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50
Q

Transfer of electrons from one species
of the reactant to another.

A

REDUCTION-OXIDATION METOD

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51
Q

is the number having the positive,
negative or zero value that may be assigned to an
atom of that element in a compound

A

▪Oxidation number

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52
Q

Assays of the SULFA DRUGS and other compounds
containing an ARYLAMINO group

A

DIAZOTIZATION

53
Q

Analysis wherein the constituents of a sample are separated and the product is weighed.

A

GRAVIMETRIC METHODS

54
Q

-Determination of ash content: igniting the sx in to dull redness
-Residue should not exceed 500microgram

A

RESIDUE ON
IGNITION

55
Q

RESIDUE ON
IGNITION

A

LOSS ON
IGNITION

56
Q

amount of volatile matter that is driven off at 110-
120deg.c

A

LOSS ON
DRYING

57
Q

800±25c
2 consecutive weighings do not differ by more than
0.5mg/g
Additional 15 min. Ignition period

A

IGNITE TO
CONSTANT
WEIGHT

58
Q

110-120c
2 consecutive weighings do not differ by more than
0.5mg/g
Additional hour. Ignition period

A

DRYING TO
CONSTANT
WEIGHT

59
Q
  • Residue remaining after incineration
  • represents inorganic salts
  • Serve as a basis for judging the identity and cleanliness of a drug
A

ASH CONTENT DETERMINATION

60
Q

No treatment
Carbonates, phosphates, sulfates, cl, oxides,
mg

A

TOTAL ASH

61
Q

Represents silica
Part of total ash not soluble in dilute (3N) HCl
(determines silicates)

A

ACID INSOLUBLE
ASH

62
Q

Represents sol. chlorides, alkali and NH4
salts

A

WATER SOLUBLE
ASH

63
Q

WATER SOLUBLE
ASH

A

SULFURATED ASH

64
Q

WATER CONTENT DETERMINATION
=for crystalline cpds
that contain water of
hydration or absorbed
water

A

Method I

65
Q

WATER CONTENT DETERMINATION
=most rapid, requires
only a small sx and is
specific for water

A

Method I

66
Q

WATER CONTENT DETERMINATION
=specified for the
determination of
moisture content of
many veg drugs
containing 2% or more
of moisture.

A

Method II

67
Q

WATER CONTENT DETERMINATION
=when drug contains
matter other than water
which is volatile at
105C, the volatile ether
soluble extractive must
be determined

A

Method III

68
Q

=for determining water at very low
concn

A

DEW POINT METHOD

69
Q

=for determining extremely low concn
of water

A

ELECTROLYTIC HYGROMETIC METHOD

70
Q

value or number of physical and chemical properties.

A

Constant

71
Q

compounds consisting of fatty acids combined with glycerol via ester linkages.

A

FATS

72
Q

contain relatively high quantities of liquid glycerides (glyceryl oleate).

A

FIXED OILS

73
Q

are esters of high molecular weight monohydric
alcohols and high molecular weight fatty acids.

A

WAXES

74
Q

are substances containing benzoic or cinnamic acids.

A

BALSAMS

75
Q

are natural or induced solid or semi-solid exudates
from plants characterized by being insoluble in water,
soluble in alcohol and ether, crystallizable and
softening or melting at a moderate heat.

A

RESINS

76
Q

Neutralize the free acids in 1g

A

ACID VALUE

77
Q

Neutralize the free acids in 1g

A

ESTER VALUE

78
Q

of KOH equivalent to OH content of 1 g subs

A

Hydroxyl Value

79
Q

Neutralize free fatty acids and saponify esters

A

Saponification
Value/ Koettsdorfer Value

80
Q

Neutralize acetic acid obtained by the
saponification of 1g of acetylated fatty
acids

A

ACETYL VALUE

81
Q

of mg of Iodine absorbed by 100 g
substance
Measures degree of unsaturation

A

IODINE VALUE

82
Q

for the analysis of beeswax for adulterants (parafin)
* for the analysis of waxes for adulterants (rosin, stearic
acid)

A

Ester Value

83
Q

gives an indication of the identity and purity of fatty
substances possessing alcoholic hydroxyl groups

A

Hydroxyl Value

84
Q

for the detection of glycerides of fatty acids w/c
contains < 16 or >18 C atoms

A

Saponification Value/
Koettsdorfer Value

85
Q

this is impt as this indicates whether they are pure or a
mixture, for detecting adulteration
* indicate the class of an unknown fat/oil

A

Iodine Value

86
Q

corresponds closely to the OH value of fatty alcohol
and the two constants

A

Acetyl Value

87
Q

Present in oils/fats that are not saponified by alakali oh
but soluble in ordinary fat solvents

A

Unsaponifiable Matter

88
Q

unsaponifiable petroleum oil
(Vegetable Origin)

A

Phytosterol

89
Q

unsaponifiable petroleum oil
(Animal Origin)

A

Cholesterol

90
Q

The number, in mEq of oxygen, of peroxides in 1g of
sample

A

Peroxide Value

91
Q

Defined as 100x the absorbance (at 350nm) of a
solution resulting from reaction of 1g of fat in 100mL of
solvent

A

Anisidine Value

92
Q

Combined PV and Ansidine Value (2PV + AV)

A

Total Oxidation Value

93
Q

Congealing point

A

Solidification
Temperature of FA

94
Q

Measure of gas liberated or removed under the
conditions described by the assay

A

Gasometric assay

95
Q

Instrument for Gasometric assay

A

Nitrometer

96
Q

Measures optical activity (levo and dextro)

A

Polarization

97
Q

bending of light passing from one
medium to another

A

Refraction

98
Q

ratio of velocity of light in air to
velocity of light in medium

A

Index of refraction

99
Q

Bisulfite method - uses what flask

A

Cassia Flask

100
Q

The ______ is provided with a long neck
calibrated into eight divisions of 0.2 mL each.

A

Babcock Bottle

101
Q

They are generally complex products composed of mixtures of compounds of widely variant chemical characteristics.

A

VOLATILE OILS (Ethereal Oils or Essential Oils or Essences)

102
Q

determined by the Westphal balance or pycnometer.

A

Specific gravity

103
Q

measured by a polarimeter.

A

Rotatory power

104
Q

most commonly used instrument is the Abbe Refractometer.

A

Refractive index

105
Q

provides the official method for determining the distilling range.

A

Distilling range

106
Q

determines possible presence of alcohol which
distills or boils below 100°C.

A

Fractional
distillation

107
Q

Product of extraction procedure

A

EXTRACTIVES

108
Q

generally used for
extraction with volatile
solvents where small
quantities of a drug are
extracted.

A

Soxhlet apparatus

109
Q

Solvent used for resinous matter is

A

ALCOHOL

110
Q

The combination of attributes or characteristics of a product which ,
when compared to a standard, serves as a basis for measuring the
degree of acceptability

A

Quality

111
Q

Measure to prevent or eliminate drugs’ risks

A

Control

112
Q

A tool that gives the assurance that a product conforms to standards

A

Quality Control

113
Q

The sum of total organizes activities performed with the intent to
ensure that all active pharmaceutical ingredients are of quality

A

Quality
Assurance

114
Q

This system is a combination of those administrative and technical
procedures, which must be used to produce safe, effective, quality
products

A

Quality Control
System

115
Q

Process inside the org that aims to improve the performance by
learning about good practices through looking at other organizations

A

Benchmarking

116
Q

A mngt approach, centered on quality, based on the participation of
all its members and aiming at long-term success

A

Total Quality
Management

117
Q

Quality assessment with an attached judgement that the evaluated
unit is good enough to exist. This is repeated in a cyclical process.

A

Accreditation

118
Q

A UN agency that promoted devt of standardization and related activities to facilitate intl trades in goods and services

A

ISO

119
Q

An undesirable characteristic of a product

A

DEFECTS

120
Q

Unit of a product which contains one or more defects

A

Defective

121
Q

The method of withdrawing unsafe health products

A

Product Recall

122
Q

Sources of Quality
Variation (4Ms)

A

Materials, Machines, Methods, Men

123
Q

Measure of the central tendency

A

Mean

124
Q

Most common occurring value

A

MODE

125
Q

Difference between the largest value and
smallest value

A

Range

126
Q

Measures the amt of data dispersion around the mean

A

SD

127
Q

Measures the diff of actual values with the mean value

A

AD

128
Q
A

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