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PSMB > PCOL (HF-Dyslipidemia) > Flashcards

PCOL (HF-Dyslipidemia) Flashcards

1
Q

Volume of blood ejected per unit time (L/min)

HR x SV

A

CARDIAC OUTPUT

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2
Q

Heart Rate is controlled by

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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3
Q

Volume of blood ejected during systole

A

Stroke Volume

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4
Q

Intrinsic property of cardiac muscle describing shortening and tension development

A

Contractility

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5
Q

As myocardial sarcomere length is stretched, the number of cross-bridges between thick and thin myofilaments increases, resulting in an increase in the force contraction

A

PRELOAD

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6
Q

A more complex physiologic concept that can be viewed pragmatically as the sum of forces preventing active forward ejection of blood of ventricle.

A

Afterload

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7
Q

Is a measurement of the percentage of blood leaving your heart each time it contracts.

A

Ejection Fraction

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8
Q

A cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of ventricle to deliver adequate quantities of blood to the metabolizing tissues during normal activity at rest.

A

Heart Failure

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9
Q

Leads to reduction in muscle mass as a consequence of death of affected myocardial cells

A

Myocardial Infarction

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10
Q

Progressive disease that is characterized by gradual reduction in cardiac performance, punctuated in many cases by episodes of acute decompensation often requiring hospitalization.

A

Heart Faiilure

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11
Q

Heart failure is a progressive disorder that begins with ________

A

myocardial injury

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12
Q

_______ is the classic, more familiar form of the disorder (HF)

A

HF with impaired systolic function

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13
Q

Retention of salt and water

A

Edema

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14
Q

Ventricular Hypertrophy and Remodelling

A

Cardiomegaly

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15
Q

Further increases in preload will only lead to ___________

A

pulmonary or systemic congestion

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16
Q

_____ will help redistribute blood flow away from nonessential organs to coronary and cerebral circ to support blood pressure

A

Vasocontriction

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17
Q

Impedes forward ejection of blood from the ventricle, further depressing cardiac output and heightening the compensatory responses

A

Vasoconstriction

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18
Q

term used to describe an increase in ventricular mass

A

Ventricular Hypertrophy

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19
Q

Inc in ventricular wall thickness without chamber enlargement

A

Concentric Hypertrophy

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20
Q

Myocyte lengthening with increased chamber size with minimal increase in wall thickness

A

Eccentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

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21
Q

Broader term describing changes in both myocardial cells extracellualr matrix that result in changes in the size, shape, structure, and fx of the heart

A

Cardiac or Ventricular Remodeling

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22
Q

This model recognizes that there is an initiating event that leads to decreased CO and begins the “heart failure state”

A

Neurohormonal Model

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23
Q

this hormone is synthesized directly in the myocardium through non-ACE dependent pathways

A

Angiotensin II

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24
Q

Play a central role in tachycardia, vasoconstriction, and increased contractility observed in HF

A

Norepinephrine

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25
Q

sodium retention and its key role in volume overload and edema has long been recognized as impt component of the HF syndrome

A

Aldosterone

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26
Q

Primary manifestations of HR

A

Dyspnea and Fatigue

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27
Q

most common type of HF
-metab demands are within normal limits but heart cant meet them

A

LOW OUTPUT FAILURE

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28
Q

Form of HF with Inc metab demands

px with pathologic conditions

A

HIGH OUTPUT FAILURE

29
Q

Blood cannot be adeq pumped from the left ventricle to the peripheral circ and it accumulates within left ventricle

A

LEFT-SIDED FAILURE

30
Q

form of HF when blood cannot be pumped from the right ventricle into the lungs and accumulates within and right ventricle

A

RIGHT-SIDED FAILURE

31
Q

When fluid collects in the lungs interferes with breathing

A

Pulmonary Edema

32
Q

(Digitalis)
Better PCOL Profile

A

Digoxin (D. Lanata)

33
Q

(Digitalis)
Most toxic

A

Digitoxin (D. Purpurea)

34
Q

(Digitalis)
Most imp, poorly soluble

A

Quabain

35
Q

Used in emergency tx of px with HF and in px refractory to or unable to take digitalis

A

Inotropic Agents

36
Q

(Inotropic Agents)
acts on D1

acts on B1

A

Dopamine
Dobutamine

37
Q

(Inotropic Agents)
PDE inh, refractory to other inotropic agent

A

Inamrinone

38
Q

(Inotropic Agents)
PDE inh for acute/chronic HF, cause hepatotoxicity so required monitoring

A

Milrinone

39
Q

Newer class of drugs that inh both ACE and neutral endopeptidases, an enzyme that inactivates bradykinin and natriuretic peptide

A

Omapatrilat

40
Q

Death of myocardial cells from inadequate oxygenation, often caused by a sudden complete blockage of a coronary artery

A

Myocardial Infarction

41
Q

Primary cardiac marker

A

CK-MB

42
Q

More specific and sensitive than CK-MB

A

Troponin T and I

43
Q

treatment for patients with coronary artery disease

A

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)

44
Q

CABG meaning

A

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

45
Q

__________Most common form of Dyslipidemia
aka______

A

Hyperlipidemia
Hyperlipoprotinemia

46
Q

(Dyslipidemia)
Inc cholesterol = atherosclerosis plaque

A

Hypercholesterolemia

47
Q

(Dyslipidemia)
Inc Triglyceride

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

48
Q

(Dyslipidemia)
Estimation of total CV risk

A

Framingham, SCORE

49
Q

(Dyslipidemia)
-Blocks formation of mevelonic acid
-Most effective in Hypercholesterolemia
-Commonly admin at night

A

HMG-COA Reductase Inh

50
Q

(HMG-COA)
-most BA
-impaired by food
-most effective

A

-Fluvastatin (Loscol)
-Pravastatin (Zocor)
-Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

51
Q

used in TX of px with primary hypercholesterolemia

A

Bile-Acid Binding Resins

52
Q

Niacin
Precursor:
Deficiency:
ADR:

A

-Tryptophan
-Pelagra
-Flushing

53
Q

First member of a group of drugs that inhibit intestinal absorption of phytosterols and cholesterol

A

Ezetimibe

54
Q

(Dyslipidemia)
Plant steroid (phytosterol)

A

Beta-Sitosterin

55
Q

Arrest of blood loss from damaged vessels and is essential for survival

A

Hemostasis

56
Q

Platelet plug

A

White thrombus

57
Q

Temporary Barrier
White Thrombus (WBC)

A

Primary Hemostatis

58
Q

Permanent Barrier
Red Thrombus (RBC)

A

Secondary Hemostatis

59
Q

Factors involved in Intrinsic Pathway

A

Factors 12, 11, 9, 8

60
Q

Factors involved in Extrinsic Pathway

A

Factor 7

61
Q

Convert fibrinogen to fibrin

A

Thrombin

62
Q

A transaminase that cross-links the fibrin polymer and stabilizes the clot

A

Factor 13

63
Q

is an endogenous anticoagulant and member of serine protease inh (serpin) family

A

Antithrombin (AT)

64
Q

Most common defect in natural anticoagulant system

A

Mutation in Factor V to V leiden

65
Q

fibrin-specific protease

A

plasmin

66
Q

DOC for anticoagulant when pregnant

A

Heparin

67
Q

effects similar to LMW heparin

A

Fondaparinux

68
Q
A

PSMB (20 decks)

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