COSMETICS Flashcards

QUIZ

1
Q

means any article intended to be
rubbed, poured, sprinkled or sprayed on, or introduced into, or otherwise applied to, the
human body or any part thereof for cleansing,
beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or
altering the appearance, includes any article
intended for use as a component of cosmetic

A

COSMETICS

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2
Q

‘‘cosmetic’’ is derived from the Greek word

A

Kosm tikos

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3
Q

body adornment AKA

A

rudimentary cosmetics

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4
Q

Vases of alabaster and obsidian for cosmetics discovered by ____, year ____

A

Flinders Petrie, 1914

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5
Q

a student of Aristotle,
demonstrated considerable knowledge of the
compounding of perfumes,

A

Theophrastus

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6
Q

is said to have innovated that timehonored toiletry: cold
cream

A

Galen of Pergamon

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7
Q

Cold Cream AKA

A

Cera Alba

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8
Q

were said by Herodotus (490–420 b.c.) to
be well practiced in the use of depilatories and the eye adornment

A

Babylonians

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9
Q

reported the use of
unguents, incense, and other cosmetics by the countries of
the Indo-Sumerian civilization.

A

Alexander the Great

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10
Q

are the ones that provide the benefit
of cosmetics. They include cleansers (surfactants), conditioning
agents, colorants, fragrances, reactive ingredients, film formers,
and drug actives. . Every cosmetic you’ve ever used or made has
at least one of this

A

Functional Ingredient

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11
Q

those that help make delivery of
the functional ingredients more acceptable. These are ingredients
like solvents, thickeners, preservatives, fragrances, pH adjusters,
plasticizers, fillers, appearance modifiers, anti -oxidants, anti
-irritants, and delivery systems

A

Aesthetic ingredients

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12
Q

ingredients added to a formula at a
low level for the primary purpose of getting to put the ingredient
name on the label. This includes ingredients like natural extracts,
vitamins, proteins, biotechnology, and fanciful made
-up ingredient
names.

A

Claims ingredients

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13
Q

A quality system should be developed,
established and implemented as a means by
which stated policies and objectives will be
achieved.

A

Quality Management System

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14
Q

Every finished product should bear a
_______ number which
enables the history of the product to be
traced.

A

production identification

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15
Q

is an essential part of
GMP. It provides assurance that
cosmetic products will be of consistent
quality appropriate to their intended
use.

A

Quality Control

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16
Q

may be
conducted by outside or
independent specialists or
a team designated by the
management for this
purpose.

A

Internal Audit

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17
Q

REGULATORY ISSUANCE GOVERNING
COSMETIC PRODUCT NOTIFICATION
This modernization was kickstarted in March 2013 through

A

FDA Memorandum Circular No. 2013-011

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18
Q

Hair is composed primarily of ___% proteins

A

88%

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19
Q

These proteins are of a hard fibrous
type known as ___-.

A

Keratin

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20
Q

Keratin protein is
comprised of what we call

A

polypeptide chains

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21
Q

Hair made up of ____ amino acids.

A

20

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22
Q

Body produces ___ of
the total amino acids

A

11

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23
Q

dominant pigment in brown & black

A

Eumelanin

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24
Q

dominant in red hair

A

Pheomelanin

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25
short, fine, downy, unpigmented hair on body.
Vellus (lanugo) hair
26
long, thick, pigmented hair found on scalp, legs, arms, and body.
Terminal hair
27
* The shape of the _____ determines whether hair is straight or curly
Hair Shaft
28
* If the shaft is ____, the hair is straight.
round
29
If the shaft is ____, the hair is wavy.
oval
30
* If the shaft is ____, the hair is curly or kinky
flat
31
The outermost layer of the hair
CUTICLE
32
The middle layer of hair; a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment.
CORTEX
33
Innermost layer; also referred to as the pith(Core) of the hair.
MEDULLA
34
Active-Growth Phase AKA
ANAGEN
35
Active growth period is____ before replacement.
2-5 YEARS
36
Transition Phase aka
(CATAGEN)
37
this phase lasts one or two weeks & hair follicle shrinks about 80%.
Transition Phase
38
Resting Phase AKA
(TELOGEN)
39
After five or six weeks, dermal papilla reconnects to base of hair follicle and bloodstream. The hair re-enters the active-growth phase and a new hair begins to from.
Resting Phase
40
The word shampoo is derived from Hindustani
chāmpo
41
The term has been used for some hair preparations because the term is used in therapeutics
“hair tonic”
42
The purpose of this products is to cure, to reduce, to restrain & some abnormality in the function of scalp.
Medicated Products
43
are viscous liquid that is applied to the hair & are usually used after washing the hair with shampoo.
Conditioners
44
- It is heavy and thick. - A high content of surfactant it is able to bind the hair structure & glue the hair surface scale together & tend to form thicker layer on the hair surface. - These are usually applied to the hair for a longer time.
Pack Conditioners
45
- They are thinner & have different surfactants. - It is lighter, less viscous mixture & provides a significantly thinner layer on the hair. - This is designed to be used in a similar way to hair oil preventing tangling of hair & keeping it smooth.
Leave In Conditioners
46
- It combines some aspects of both packs & leave in ones. - These are generally applied after the use of shampoo. - Further, it can be characterized into 3 main types
Ordinary Conditioners
47
3 Main Types of Ordinary Conditioners
a)Moisturizer b)Re-constructers c)Detangles
48
-These are organic solvent concentrated with humectant. - This conditioners may not contain protein.
Moisturizers
49
_______ is to retain the moisture into the hair
Humectant
50
-It contains proteins for hydrolization. - This protein penetrates the hair shaft & gives a shiny hair
Re-constructers
51
Human hair keratin protein has a ___ molecular weight.
LOW
52
These are acidifiers & have low pH. The function is to close the cuticle of the hair, which cause tangles. The protection or shield mechanism is done by surfactant & polymers.
DETANGLERS
53
one of the most important acts of adornment among those made by men and women since the origin of man.
Coloring of Hair
54
A variety of other chemicals used in small amounts that impart special qualities to hair (such as softening the texture) or give a desired action to the dye (such as making it more or less permanent).
RAW MATERIALS
55
are usually amino compounds
Dye chemicals
56
stabilize the dye pigments or otherwise act to modify the shade
modifiers
57
may bring out color tones, such as green or purple, which complement the dye pigment. e.g. resorcinol
RAW MATERIALS
58
protect the dye from oxidizing with air
ANTIOXIDANTS
59
Most commonly used ANTIOXIDANT
sodium sulfite
60
are added to change the pH of the dye formula, because the dyes work best in a highly alkaline composition
ALKALI
61
is a common alkali.
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
62
is typically used to give brighter, more vibrant shades or colors such as orange or red, that may be difficult to achieve with semipermanent and permanent hair color.
TEMPORARY HAIR COLOR
63
Temporary Hair color does not easily penetrate into
CORTEX or MEDULLA
64
Give stronger & more permanent coloration to hair than temporary hair colorant
Semi-Permanent Hair Color
65
Some colors are removed in 4-8 shampooings.
Semi-Permanent Hair Color
66
Dyes used for Semi-Permanent Hair Color
-Ntirophenyledenediamine – Nitroaminopheols, – Aminoanthraquinones.
67
-Should be studied on white wool or hair. -has no Ammonia
Semi-Permanent Hair Color
68
All ______ haircolor products and lighteners contain both a developer, or oxidizing agent, and an alkalizing ingredient as part of their ammonia or an ammonia substitute.
PERMANENT
69
provides lightening action
peroxide
70
SAFETY AND EVALUATION: HAIR CARE PRODUCTS Phase I
Pre-Clinical Testing
71
SAFETY AND EVALUATION: HAIR CARE PRODUCTS Phase II
Clinical Study Data Collection & Evaluation
72
determines changes in hair growth patterns During this test, a trained professional uses a dermascope or videoscope to survey the scalp and record changes in observed hair growth patterns
Trichological (Hair Count) Analysis
73
used to measure hair shedding patterns.
Traction Test
74
3 Other names of Traction Test
1.) Gravimetric “Pull” Analysis 2.) “Sabouraud’s sign 3.) The pull out sign
75
Prior to shampooing, 20 -60 strands of subjects’ hair are grasped at the base of the strands and tugged firmly away from the scalp.
Traction test
76
Active hair shedding is indicated by pulling more than ____ of strands from the scalp.
10%
77
evaluates changes in hair growth cycles and in hair breakage over time using hair shafts “plucked” from the scalp.
HAIR PLUCK TEST
78
used to assess changes in hair fallout rates. For this test, panelists are asked to use a specific combing technique to evaluate hair fallout rates.
Regimented Combing Technique
79
measure any alterations in hair strength and resilience.
TENSILE TEST
80
Hair tensile strength is measured using _____
DiaStron Mini Tensile Tester (MTT)
81
uses 3-point bending and torsion tests to measure the force overtime required to elongate and break a strand of hair.
MTT Device
82
is the outer covering of the body and is the largest organ of the integumentary system.
SKIN
83
found on the palms and soles of the feet, lacks hair follicles and sebaceous glands but has a very thick epidermis and encapsulated sense organs in the dermis.
GLABROUS SKIN
84
hair follicles and sebaceous glands are both present, but there are no encapsulated sensory organs.
HAIRY SKIN
85
has large sebaceous glands associated with fine vellus hairs, contrasting sharply with the scalp, which contains large hair follicles.
FACIAL SKIN
86
is an avascular structure, made up of many layers of cells.
EPIDERMIS
87
The special structure of the epidermis is classified as _________ and is typical of vertebrate animals.
Stratified Squamous Epithelium
88
the main barrier, forms the outermost part of the epidermis.
Horny layer or Stratum corneum
89
It is responsible for producing the main barrier
Epidermis
90
The horny layer is made up of water -resistant dead cells, called ______, which are segmented together with a complex lipid material.
corneocytes
91
Basal Layer AKA
GERMINATIVE LAYER
92
Prickle cell layer AKA
Stratum spinosum
93
GRANULAR LAYER AKA
Stratum Granulosum
94
characterized by the presence of distinctive keratohyalin granules
Stratum granulosum or Granular layer
95
functions as a supporting frame to the epidermis, supplying it with nutrients via the blood capillaries. It also supports the sensory nervous system, secretory glands and hair follicles.
DERMIS
96
Unlike the epidermis, which is a cellular structure, the underlying dermis consists of
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
97
forms the major constituent of the fibrous protein which gives the skin its tensile strength.
COLLAGEN
98
consists of salt, water and glycosaminoglycans.
DERMAL GROUND SUBSTANCE
99
form complexes with protein molecules known as proteoglycans.
glycosaminoglycans
100
which are the second major cell type in the dermis, can be found close to the small blood vessels.
mast cells
101
Below the epidermis is a layer of fatty or adipose tissue called the
HYPODERMIS
102
The cells in this layer synthesize and store fat as an energy reserve. This is to help insulate the body from low external temperatures and to act as a buffer against trauma.
HYPODERMIS
103
provides the body with its contours, whether they are attractive curves or unwelcome bulges.
HYPODERMIS
104
soft smooth skin with a healthy appearance
NORMAL
105
shiny with enlarged pores. Often blemished
OILY
106
fine texture, flaky, many expression lines, poor elasticity
DRY
107
florid with broken capillaries, fine textured, like dry skin
SENSITIVE
108
– excessively oily with blemishes
BLEMISHED
109
is a facial care product that is used to remove make-up, dead skin cells, oil, dirt, and other types of pollutants from the skin of the face. This helps to unclog pores and prevent skin conditions such as acne.
CLEANSERS
110
is the first step in a skin care regimen and can be used in addition of a toner and moisturizer, following cleansing
CLEANSER
111
Bar soap has an alkaline pH ___
pH 9 TO 10
112
skin's surface pH is on average ____
4.7
113
Using bar soap on the face can remove natural oils from the skin that form a barrier against water loss. This causes the sebaceous glands to subsequently overproduce oil, a condition known as
REACTIVE SEBORRHEA
114
the process of removing dead skin cells from the surface of your skin using a chemical, granular substance, or exfoliation tool.
EXFOLIATING
115
This process involves physically scrubbing the skin with an abrasive.
MECHANICAL
116
Include microfiber cloths, adhesive exfoliation sheets, micro-bead facial scrubs, crepe paper, crushed apricot kernel or almond shells, sugar or salt crystals, pumice, and abrasive materials such as sponges, loofahs, and brushes
MECHANICAL EXFOLIANTS
117
include scrubs containing salicylic acid, glycolic acid, fruit enzymes, citric acid, or malic acid which may be applied in high concentrations by a medical professional, or in lower concentrations in over -the -counter products .
CHEMICAL EXFOLIANTS
118
are used to address specific skin concerns such as acne, dark spots, hyperpigmentation, fine lines and inflammation . Skin treatment products are all regulated and have to be approved by the FDA . They can be in the forms of creams, gels, lotions, solutions, serums and medicated facial pads .
TREATMENTS
119
usually contain antioxidants, which help fight free radical damage .
SERUMS
120
s a lotion, spray, gel, foam, stick or other topical product that absorbs or reflects some of the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation and thus helps protect against sunburn.
SUNSCREEN
121
stay on the surface of the skin and mainly deflect the UV light
Physical Sunscreen
122
an opaque, full -spectrum sunscreen also used to give opacity to face powder and foundation
ZINC OXIDE
123
a full -spectrum , which means that it protects the skin from both UVA and UVB rays. It is also used to give opacity to face powder, eye shadow, and foundation.
Titanium Dioxide
124
absorb the UV light
Chemical Sunscreen
125
remove the outer layer of the skin, which means they tend to go deeper to remove more excess dead skin cells than exfoliators. * They usually contain glycolic, salicylic or lactic acids
CHEMICAL PEEL
126
-it shrinks pores and restores skin to its natural pH balance. -this is important because when our pH levels are thrown out of whack due to soaps and chemicals in cleansers, oil production increases, causing a cycle of breakouts. -can be used after a cleanser twice a day to remove excess traces of makeup or other residue from the skin.
TONER
127
product that adds water, and often some emollients, to the skin.
MOISTURIZER
128
Dryness and flexibility cannot be corrected with oils - Only ___-
WATER
129
____ is used to limit the evaporation of water.
OIL
130
An ingredient in skin or hair products that draws moisture from the air to moisturize the skin and also promotes the retention of moisture in the skin
HUMECTANT
131
- Supple, waxlike, lubricating, thickening agents that prevent water loss and have a softening and soothing effect on the skin
EMOLLIENT
132
-A skin conditioning agent which helps maintain the smooth, soft pliable appearance of the skin. - Usually a grease or an oil that softens the skin and protects it from dryness.
EMOLLIENT
133
substances that hold strongly to the surface of the skin, preventing access to the air and increasing absorption of cosmetic treatments.
OCCLUSIVES
134
is a nonspecific term used to describe any inflammatory skin disease resulting from contact with an irritant or allergenic substance.
CONTACT DERMATITIS
135
Whatever the causative agent, the clinical features are similar: itching, redness, and skin lesions.
CONTACT DERMATITIS
136
It is a term given to a complex group of localized inflammatory reactions that follow nonimmunological damage to the skin.
IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS
137
The inflammation may be the result of an acute toxic (usually chemical) insult to the skin, or of repeated and cumulative damage from weaker irritants (chemical or physical).
IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS
138
the result of a single overwhelming exposure to a strong irritant or a series of brief physical or chemical contacts, leading to acute inflammation of the skin.
Acute ICD
139
develops as a result of a series of repeated and damaging insults to the skin. The insults may be chemical or physical.
Cumulative ICD
140
Some chemicals produce acute irritation in a delayed manner so that the signs and symptoms of acute irritant dermatitis appear 12 to 24 hours or more after the original insult
DELAYED ACUTE ICD
141
occurs when a substance comes into contact with skin that has undergone an acquired specific alteration in its reactivity as a result of prior exposure of the skin to the substance eliciting the dermatitis.
ALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS
142
Gold Standard for ACD
PATCH TESTING
143
It is a chemically induced nonimmunological skin irritation requiring light. This reaction will occur in all individuals exposed to the chemical–light combination.
PHOTOIRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS
144
a component of bergamot oil, is a potent photoirritant that causes berloque dermatitis.
BERGAPTEN
145
It is an immunological response to a substance that requires the presence of light.
PHOTOALLERGIC CONTACT DERMATITIS
146
Examples of photoallergens present in cosmetics are __________ which are present in fragrances
musk ambrette 6-methylcoumarin
147
It represents a heterogeneous group of inflammatory reactions that appear, usually within a few minutes to an hour, after contact with the eliciting substance.
CONTACT URTICARIA SYNDROME
148
simplest of all tests and is the ‘‘first-line’’ test
OPEN TEST
149
The most common class of CUS. The reaction usually remains localized
Nonimmunological Contact Urticaria
150
These are immediate (Type I) allergic reactions in people who have previously been sensitized to the causative agent
Immunological Contact Urticaria
151
Examples of cosmetic substances known to produce NICU are
Preservatives (benzoic acid and sorbic acid) & Fragrances (cinnamic aldehyde)
152
is IgE mediated and is more common in atopic individuals. Food substances are common causes
Immunological Contact Urticaria
153
refers to the capacity of some agents to cause acne or aggravate existing acne lesions.
ACNEGENICITY
154
This is the capability of an agent to cause hyperkeratinous impactions in the sebaceous follicle, or the formation of microcomedones, usually in a relatively short period of time.
Comedogenicity
155
This refers to the capability of an agent to cause inflammatory papules and pustules, usually in a relatively short period of time.
Pustulogenicity
156
a test for determining allergic sensitivity that is made by applying to the unbroken skin small pads soaked with the allergen to be tested
PATCH TEST
157
allows the assessment of the primary irritation potential of a topical product.
48-hour patch test
158
The patch test is conducted on a panel of at least ____
25 SUBJECTS
159
a test for determining the irritation and/or sensitization potential of a test material(s), in support of sensitive skin claims, after repeated application under occlusive or semi-occlusive patches to the skin of human subjects.
Human Repeat Insult Patch Test (HRIPT)
160
The HRIPT consists of ___ phase
2
161
a test to evaluate the skin condition before and after one month of product usage. The evaluator counts the number of comedons and blackheads on the forehead, cheeks and chin.
NON-COMEDOGENIC TEST
162
a test to evaluate skin condition before and after one month of product usage. The evaluator counts the number of acne lesions (papules and pustules) on the forehead, cheeks and chin.
NON-ACNEGENIC TEST
163
a test that allows to assess the irritation potential of a topical product applied on the eye contour area.
PERIOCULAR TOLERANCE TEST
164
The study is conducted under the supervision of an ophthalmologist. The condition of the eye and around the eye area is examined before and after a given period of product usage.
PERIOCULAR TOLERANCE TEST