MICRO Flashcards
BACTERIAL ANATOMY
viscous, gelatinous layer composed of polysaccharide/polypeptide
GLYCOCALYX
external layer which is unorganized & loosely attached
SLIME LAYER
organized, firmly attached
CAPSULE
organ of locomotion
FLAGELLA
movement of flagella
run & tumble
movement in response to the presence of a chemical
CHEMOTAXIS
protein in flagella
FLAGELLIN
structure for motility found in spirochetes
AXIAL FILAMENT/ENDOFLAGELLA/PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA
Positioned beneath the bacterial outer membrane
AXIAL FILAMENT/ENDOFLAGELLA/PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA
AXIAL FILAMENT/ENDOFLAGELLA/PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA motion
Corkscrew motion
-Maintains cell integrity and regulates transport
-Specialized Function (Respiration, photosynthesis, protein secretion)
CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE
- a liquid part that contains the enzyme, storage
granules, viscous aqueous suspension of protein, nucleic acid, dissolved organic compounds, mineral salts
Cytoplasm
Storage granules AKA
“Metachromatic granules” / “Volutin granules”
“Bacterial spores” Specialized resting cells Highly durable and resistant to extreme conditions
ENDOSPORE
vegetative cells form an endospore (vegetative →
endospore)
SPORULATION & SPOROGENESIS
endospore becomes vegetative cells (endospore → vegetative cells)
GERMINATION
Heat resistant by endospores is attributed to
DIPICOLINIC ACID
-Proteinaceous, hair-like appendage; shorter, and thinner than flagella
-For bacterial conjugation
PILI
- process of transferring the genetic material from plasmid of F+ to F-
Conjugation
protein of Pili
Pilin
Attachment or adherence, making the bacterium look like porcupine
COMMON PILI / ATTACHMENT PILI / FIMBRIAE
-DNA Transfer
-Adherence and bacterial mating in conjugation
SEX PILI / CONJUGATED PILI / F PILI / F+
SEX PILI / CONJUGATED PILI / F PILI / F+ is a virulence factor of
Neisseria gonorrhea
- Outer covering of most bacterial, fungal, algae, and plant cells
- Gives shape and resistance to lysis by osmotic shock
-Basis of gram-staining and consists of peptidoglycan
CELL WALL
Peptidoglycan aka
Murein
Protein synthesis: 70s made up of 50 s and 30s subunits
RIBOSOMES
-nuclear area or nucleoid
-bacterial chromosome
GENOME
-Self-replicating piece of circular DNA
-small, circular, special type of DNA
-antibiotic resistance
PLASMIDS
- Aqueous or alcohol solution of a single basic dye - e.g., Methylene blue and Malachite green
- Used to highlight microorganisms to determine cellular shapes and arrangements
SIMPLE STAIN
one of the most useful procedures because it classifies bacteria into two large groups: gram (+) and gram (-)
GRAM STAIN
used to distinguish mycobacterium species & some species of Nocardia
ACID FAST STAIN
Not a cell staining → Background
(+) Result: Colorless against a dark background
NEGATIVE STAINING METHOD
Donor cells lyse, a fragment of DNA is released and passed into
a recipient cell
TRANSFORMATION
It involves two live bacteria, donor and recipient, with the transfer of genetic material from a plasmid. The donor is F+, has fertility
factor and codes for sex pilus
CONJUGATION
The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another by a transducing phage or bacteriophage (virus affecting the
bacteria)
TRANSDUCTION
Process of transferring genes through the so called “jumping
genes” → Transposon
TRANSPOSITION
Changes in DNA sequence which may include base substitution,
MUTATIONS
