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PSMB > MICRO > Flashcards

MICRO Flashcards

BACTERIAL ANATOMY

1
Q

viscous, gelatinous layer composed of polysaccharide/polypeptide

A

GLYCOCALYX

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2
Q

external layer which is unorganized & loosely attached

A

SLIME LAYER

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3
Q

organized, firmly attached

A

CAPSULE

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4
Q

organ of locomotion

A

FLAGELLA

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5
Q

movement of flagella

A

run & tumble

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6
Q

movement in response to the presence of a chemical

A

CHEMOTAXIS

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7
Q

protein in flagella

A

FLAGELLIN

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8
Q

structure for motility found in spirochetes

A

AXIAL FILAMENT/ENDOFLAGELLA/PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA

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9
Q

Positioned beneath the bacterial outer membrane

A

AXIAL FILAMENT/ENDOFLAGELLA/PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA

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10
Q

AXIAL FILAMENT/ENDOFLAGELLA/PERIPLASMIC FLAGELLA motion

A

Corkscrew motion

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11
Q

-Maintains cell integrity and regulates transport

-Specialized Function (Respiration, photosynthesis, protein secretion)

A

CYTOPLASMIC MEMBRANE

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12
Q
  • a liquid part that contains the enzyme, storage
    granules, viscous aqueous suspension of protein, nucleic acid, dissolved organic compounds, mineral salts
A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

Storage granules AKA

A

“Metachromatic granules” / “Volutin granules”

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14
Q

“Bacterial spores” Specialized resting cells Highly durable and resistant to extreme conditions

A

ENDOSPORE

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15
Q

vegetative cells form an endospore (vegetative →
endospore)

A

SPORULATION & SPOROGENESIS

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16
Q

endospore becomes vegetative cells (endospore → vegetative cells)

A

GERMINATION

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17
Q

Heat resistant by endospores is attributed to

A

DIPICOLINIC ACID

18
Q

-Proteinaceous, hair-like appendage; shorter, and thinner than flagella
-For bacterial conjugation

A

PILI

19
Q
  • process of transferring the genetic material from plasmid of F+ to F-
A

Conjugation

20
Q

protein of Pili

A

Pilin

21
Q

Attachment or adherence, making the bacterium look like porcupine

A

COMMON PILI / ATTACHMENT PILI / FIMBRIAE

22
Q

-DNA Transfer
-Adherence and bacterial mating in conjugation

A

SEX PILI / CONJUGATED PILI / F PILI / F+

23
Q

SEX PILI / CONJUGATED PILI / F PILI / F+ is a virulence factor of

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

24
Q
  • Outer covering of most bacterial, fungal, algae, and plant cells
  • Gives shape and resistance to lysis by osmotic shock
    -Basis of gram-staining and consists of peptidoglycan
A

CELL WALL

25
Q

Peptidoglycan aka

A

Murein

26
Q

Protein synthesis: 70s made up of 50 s and 30s subunits

A

RIBOSOMES

27
Q

-nuclear area or nucleoid
-bacterial chromosome

A

GENOME

28
Q

-Self-replicating piece of circular DNA
-small, circular, special type of DNA
-antibiotic resistance

A

PLASMIDS

29
Q
  • Aqueous or alcohol solution of a single basic dye - e.g., Methylene blue and Malachite green
  • Used to highlight microorganisms to determine cellular shapes and arrangements
A

SIMPLE STAIN

30
Q

one of the most useful procedures because it classifies bacteria into two large groups: gram (+) and gram (-)

A

GRAM STAIN

31
Q

used to distinguish mycobacterium species & some species of Nocardia

A

ACID FAST STAIN

32
Q

Not a cell staining → Background
(+) Result: Colorless against a dark background

A

NEGATIVE STAINING METHOD

33
Q

Donor cells lyse, a fragment of DNA is released and passed into
a recipient cell

A

TRANSFORMATION

34
Q

It involves two live bacteria, donor and recipient, with the transfer of genetic material from a plasmid. The donor is F+, has fertility
factor and codes for sex pilus

A

CONJUGATION

35
Q

The transfer of genetic material from one organism to another by a transducing phage or bacteriophage (virus affecting the
bacteria)

A

TRANSDUCTION

36
Q

Process of transferring genes through the so called “jumping
genes” → Transposon

A

TRANSPOSITION

36
Q

 Changes in DNA sequence which may include base substitution,

A

MUTATIONS

37
Q
A
38
Q
A
38
Q
A

PSMB (20 decks)

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