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PSMB > PHBP | Part 2 & 3 > Flashcards

PHBP | Part 2 & 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The enzymatic or biochemical transformation of the drug substance to (usually less toxic) metabolic products, which may be eliminated more readily from the body

A

METABOLISM

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2
Q

Principal site of metabolism
Both synthesizing and eliminating organ

A

LIVER

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3
Q

Basic unit of liver

A

Liver Lobule

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4
Q

A network of interconnected lymph and blood vessels

A

PARENCHYMAL CELLS

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5
Q

Perfused blood in the liver

A

Hepatic artery

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6
Q

Carries oxygen in the liver

A

Hepatic artery

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7
Q

Collects blood from various segments of GIT that perfuse in the liver

A

Hepatic Portal Vein

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8
Q

Carries nutrient to the liver

A

HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN

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9
Q

Large vascular capilaries

A

SINUSOIDS

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10
Q

Facilitates drug and nutrient removal before the blood enters the general circulation

A

SINUSOIDS

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11
Q

Endothelial lining of the sinusoids
Part of the Reticulo Endothelial system

A

Kupffer cells

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12
Q

Phagocytic macrophages

A

Kupffer cells

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13
Q

secreted by the liver

A

Bile Acids

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14
Q

3 Major Components of a drug biotransformation

A

Reactant (Drug/Xenobiotics)
Product (Metabolite)
Reaction catalyst (Enzymes)

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15
Q

5 Types of Metabolites

A

Inactive Metabolite
Retain Similar Activity
Altered Activity
Bioactivated Metabolite
Reactive Metabolite

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16
Q

Birth

A

Sulfation

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17
Q

1st Week

A

Reduction. Oxidation

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18
Q

1 month

A

Acetylation

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19
Q

2 months

A

Glucoronidation

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20
Q

3 months

A

Glycine, Glutathione, Cysteine Conjugation

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21
Q

Presystemic metabolism

A

First Pass Effect

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22
Q

Initial Biotransformation of an active drug BEFORE reaching the systemic circulation

A

FIRST PASS EFFECT

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23
Q

the final LOSS of the drug substance or its metabolites from the body

A

EXCRETION

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24
Q

Are excreted mainly by renal excretion, into the urine

A

NONVOLATILE DRUGS

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25
Q

Gaseous anesthetics, or drugs with high volatility, are excreted via lungs into expired air

A

VOLATILE DRUGS

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26
Q

Excretion Pathway
Anion, cations, non-ionized molecules with lipophilic polar groups & those with MW > 500

A

Biliary Excretion

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27
Q

Excretion Pathway
For drugs poorly absorbed in the intestines

A

Biliary Excretion

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28
Q

Excretion Pathway
Organic acids & organic bases - active transport
Consider ___________

A

Biliary Recycling

29
Q

Excretion Pathway
via different transport mechanism

A

Salivary Excretion

30
Q

Excretion Pathway
Nursing mothers should avoid taking drugs

A

Mammary Excretion

31
Q

Excretion Pathway
Passive diffusion of the non-ionized moiety

A

Drug Excretion into Sweat

32
Q

Excretion Pathway
Less soluble anesthetics
Soluble gases

A

Drug Excretion Into Expired Air

33
Q

Excretion Pathway
Prostate secretions

A

Genital Excretion

34
Q

Excretion Pathway
Verified by the presence of drugs in the gut lumen after IV adminstration

A

Intestinal Excretion

35
Q

Excretion Pathway
Major Route
Non-volatile, water-soluble, low MW Drugs

A

Renal Drug Excretion

36
Q

Kidney is located in the ______

A

Peritoneal Cavity

37
Q

Most imp organ for excretion

A

Kidney

38
Q

secretion of _____ (regulates BP)

A

Renin

39
Q

secretion of _______ (RBC production)

A

Erythropoetin

40
Q

Basic unit of kidney

A

Nephron/Malphigian Bodies

41
Q

Filtration of LMW molecules

A

Glomerular filtration

42
Q

Normal GFR:

A

125mL/min (180 L/day)

43
Q

tells how healthy the kidney is

A

GFR

44
Q

Average urine:

A

1-1.5L (99% are reabsorbed)

45
Q

Pressure of artery

A

100mmHg

46
Q

Pressure on glomerulus

A

45-65 mmHg

47
Q

fulfills most of the criteria needed
standard reference

A

Inulin

48
Q

used most extensively as a measurement of GFR

A

Clearance of Creatinine

49
Q

Byproduct of muscle metabolism

A

Creatinine

50
Q

Occurs in PCT

A

Active Tubular Secretion

51
Q

Reabsorption of water and active secretion of some weak electrolytes esp weak acid

A

Active Tubular Secretion

52
Q

occurs in DCT
reabsorption of water and passive excretion of lipid soluble drugs

A

Tubular Reabsorption

53
Q

Depends on urine pH based on Hendersson-Hasselbalch equation

A

Tubular Reabsorption

54
Q

The maximum amt of drug in the body following a single rapid _____ is equal to the dose of the drug

A

IV Injection

55
Q

For a one-compartment open model, the drug will be eliminated acc to

A

First-order kinetics

56
Q

Is a drug product that contains the same active drug substance in the same dosage form and is marketed by more than one pharmaceutical manuf

A

Multi Drug Product

57
Q

Patent has not be expired or has ceratin exclusivities so that only one manufacturer can make it

A

Single Source Drug Products

58
Q

Identifies drug products approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by the FDA

A

Approved Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book)

59
Q

same active ingredients, salt, dosage form and strength, ROA, content uniformity

A

Pharmaceutical Equivalent

60
Q

same therapeutic moiety but…as different salt, dosage form and strength

A

Pharmaceutical Alternative

61
Q

Safe and effective pharmaceutical equivalent, bioequivalent, adequately labeled, complied with CGMP

A

Therapeutic Equivalent

62
Q

Contains different active ingredients indicated for the same therapeutic use

A

Therapeutic Alternative

63
Q

Tmax, Cmax, AUC

A

Plasma Drug Concentration

64
Q

Du, dDu/dt, t

A

Urinary Drug Excretion

65
Q

Emax

A

Acute Pharmacodynamic Effect

66
Q

Well controlled clinical trials

A

Clinical Observations

67
Q

Drug Dissolution

A

In-Vitro Studies

68
Q

Based on aqueous solubility of drug and the permeation of the drug through GI tract

A

Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS)

PSMB (20 decks)

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