Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LECOM MS1 Embryology > Pharyngeal Arches (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Pharyngeal Arches (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

When will the pharyngeal apparatus develop

A

4th week of development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does the pharyngeal apparatus develop

A

cephalic region of the ebryo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the pharyngeal apparatus also called

A

branchial arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the different parts of the pharyngeal apparatus

A

pharyngeal arch
pharyngeal pouch
pharyngeal groove
pharyngeal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What type of tissue will line the pharyngeal cleft/groove and pouch

A

pouches lined with endoderm

clefts lined with ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What separates each pharyngeal arch

A

pharyngeal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is contained within a typical pharyngeal arch

A

aortic arch segment
cartilaginous piece
nerve
mesenchymal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What will the mesenchymal tissue in the pharyngeal arches become

A

musculature of the arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the two prominences formed by the first pharyngeal arch

A

mandibular and maxillary prominences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the oropharyngeal membrane seen

A

between the two parts of the first arch; membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What occurs to the oropharyngeal membrane and what does it become

A

ruptures and produces and opening form the pharynx to the amniotic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the layers of the oropharyngeal membrane

A

outer ectoderm layer

inner endoderm layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What nerve is associated with the first arch

A

CN V: Trigeminus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What muscles are associated with the first arch

A 
anterior belly digastric
mylohyoid
tensor tympani
tensor veli palatini
muscles of mastication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What nerve is associated with the second arch

A

CN VII: Facial Nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscles are associated with the second arch

A

posterior belly digastric
stylohyloid
stapedius
muscles of facial expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What nerve is associated with the third arch

A

CN IX: glossopharyngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What muscles are associated with the third arch

A

stylopharyngeus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the branches of trigeminal

A

V1: ophthalmic
V2: maxillary
V3: Mandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What branches of trigeminal are motor

A

V3, mandibular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What branches of trigeminal are sensory

A

V1 opthalmic

V2 maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What nerve is associated with the 4th and 6th arches

A

CN X: vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What muscles are associated with the 4th and 6th arches

A 
pharyngeal constrictors
laryngeal muscles
cricothyroid (4th)
levator veli palatini
skeletal muscle of the esophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Muscles with tensor in their name are innervated by what

A

V3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Muscles with palato in their name are innervated by what nerve

A

CN X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Muscles with glossus in their name are innervated by what

A

CN XII

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the cranial nerves with parasympathetic component

A

3,7,9,10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are s/s of Treacher collins syndrome

A

misshapen ears
eyes are drooping
mandibular hypoplasia
facial abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What causes Treacher collins syndrome

A

first arch fails

neural crest cells fail to migrate properly and affects the cartilage and muscles coming form the 1st arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is Pierre Robin Sequence cause by

A

Improper formation of the first arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the S/S of Pierre Robin Sequence

A

glossoptosis
micrognathia/retrognathia
cleft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is glossoptosis

A

posteriorly placed tongue that can obstruct airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is micrognathia/retrognathia

A

posterior placed jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is cleft palate

A

tongue doesn’t drop out of the way for the two shelves of the palate to come together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What will the 1st pharyngeal pouch become

A

eustachian tube; tympanic membrane

36
Q

What will the 2nd pharyngeal pouch become

A

tonsillar fossa: palatine tonsil

37
Q

What will the 3rd pharyngeal pouch become

A

Dorsal: inferior parathyroid glands
Ventral: primordial thyroid

38
Q

What will the 4th pharyngeal pouch become

A

Dorsal: superior pair of parathyroid glands
Ventral: ultamopharyngeal body

39
Q

What is the ultamopharyngeal body

A

part of the thyroid that will become C cells to produce calcitonin

40
Q

Where do the superior parathyroid gland sit

A

on the back of the thyroid gland

41
Q

What will the 1st pharyngeal groove/cleft become

A

external auditory tube

42
Q

What will the sandwhich between the cleft and pouch become

A

tympanic membrane

43
Q

How many layers compose the tympanic membrane

A

3

44
Q

What are possible clinical correlations to the 2nd pharyngeal groove/cleft

A

cervical cysts and fistulas

45
Q

What causes cervical cysts and fistulas to occur

A

if arch 2 doesn’t come all the way down over the 3rd and 4th arches

46
Q

What is a branchial fistula

A

improper closing of the 2nd pharyngeal groove creates a cyst, fistula is connection to external environment

47
Q

What is an ectopic thyroid

A

thyroid tissue at the base of the tongue

48
Q

When is an ectopic thyroid often symptomatic

A

during puberty

49
Q

What are CT findings of an ectopic thyroid

A

midline, at the tongue base
attenuation and enhancement=similar to thyroid tissue
absent thyroid tissue in the expected normal location

50
Q

What is a pharyngeal membrane

A

where pouch and groove meet

51
Q

When do the salivary glands develop

A

7th week

52
Q

What is the development process for salivary glands

A

from solid cords growing from the oral cavity

cords grow into the surrounding mesenchyme

53
Q

What composes the stroma of the salivary glands

A

NCC

54
Q

What composes the parenchyma of the salivary glands

A

oral epithelium

55
Q

What is the cartilage derivative of the first arch

A

known as Meckel’s cartilage

maleus, incus, mandible, anterior ligament of malleus, sphenomandibular libament

56
Q

What is the cartilage derivative of the second arch

A

stapes, styloid, stylohyoid lig, lesser horn and superior part of hyoid

57
Q

What is the cartilage derivative of the third arch

A

greater horn and inferior part of hyoid

58
Q

What is the cartilage derivative of the 4th arch

A

laryngeal cartilages

59
Q

What will the 5th pharyngeal pouch become

A

largely regresses and helps to form the ultimopharyngeal body

60
Q

When does the thyroid gland begin to form

A

day 24

61
Q

The thyroid gland is the first what

A

endocrine gland to form

62
Q

What is the thyroglossal duct

A

connection between the tongue and thyroid in embryo

63
Q

The thyrogloassal duct remains open as what

A

foramen cecum

64
Q

How is the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland formed

A

from the thyroglossal duct

65
Q

What are branchial vestiges

A

pharyngeal cartilages that did not normally disappear; remnant of cartilage or bony elements under the skin anterior to the inferior 1/3 of the SCM persist

66
Q

What is DiGeorge anomaly

A

abnormalities of the heart, parathyroid gland, face, thymus gland. Affected individuals will have congenital heart disease, unusual facial features with low-set ears, a small receding mandible, wide-set eyes and are born without parathyroid glands

67
Q

What is Goldehar Syndrome caused by

A

abnormal development of the 1st and 2nd pharyngeal arches

68
Q

When will the medial and tongue buds be seen

A

5th week

69
Q

What forms the median tongue buds

A

elevation appears on the floor of the pharynx just rostral to the foramen cecum (endoderm)

70
Q

What forms the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

fused distal tongue buds

71
Q

What does the median tongue bud contribute to the tongue

A

nothing notable

72
Q

WHat forms the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

growth behind the foramen cecum and hypopharyngeal eminence

73
Q

What marks the division between the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

terminal sulcus

74
Q

What are most of the tongue muscles derived from

A

occipital somites

75
Q

What nerve is associated with muscles of the tongue

A

hypoglossal nerve

76
Q

What is the somatic and visceral sensation for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

A

somatic CN V

Visceral CN VII

77
Q

What nerve will supply the sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue

A

CN IX

78
Q

What role does the vagus have involving the tongue

A

supplies the palatoglossus and carries taste from the root of the tongue

79
Q

Where will taste buds form

A 
dorsal tongue
palatoglossal arches
palate
epiglottis
posterior wall of pharynx
80
Q

What are congenital cysts in the tongue

A

remnant of the thyroglossal duct

81
Q

What is ankyloglossia

A

tongue tie

82
Q

What is tongue tie

A

abnormally short frenulum that anchors the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity

83
Q

What is Macroglossia

A

unusually large tongue

84
Q

What is microglossia

A

unusually small tongue

85
Q

What is bifid tongue (glossoschisis)

A

tongue split in 2

LECOM MS1 Embryology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions