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LECOM MS1 Embryology > Development of the Heart (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Development of the Heart (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the post-natal CV system

A

deliver blood to lungs for oxygen and distribute oxygenated blood throughout body

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2
Q

What is the function of embryonic/fetal cardovascular system

A

blood receives O2 from placenta, lungs are still developing

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3
Q

How is the primary heart field formed

A

Cardiac progenitor cells migrate into splanchnic mesoderm

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4
Q

Where do cardiac progenitor cells come from

A

epiblast

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5
Q

Where do the cardiac progenitor cell migrate

A

cranial to oropharyngeal membrane

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6
Q

How is the cardiagenic area formed

A

primary heart field cells form cardiac myoblasts and blood islands

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7
Q

What induces the PHF cells to form cardiac myoblasts and blood islands

A

underlying endoderm

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8
Q

How is the heart tube formed

A

embryonic folding brings heart tube into position in the thorax and causes fuse of PHF together

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9
Q

How is the transverse pericardial sinus formed

A

breakdown of the dorsal mesentery that held the heart suspended

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10
Q

What is the heart surrounded by

A

pericardial cavity

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11
Q

How will the heart tube receive and expel blood

A

receives blood at the caudal end and expels blood from the rostral end

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12
Q

What layer is the pericardial cavity associated with in the embryo

A

endoderm

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13
Q

What are the layers of the heart tube

A

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

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14
Q

Where does the endocardium come from

A

layer of endothelial cells that line inner aspect of the tube

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15
Q

what is the myocardium

A

muscle, bulk of tube

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16
Q

what is the epicardium

A

outer line, synonymous with visceral layer of serous pericardium

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17
Q

What are the parts of the heart tube

A

bulbis cordis
primordial ventricle
primordial atrium
sinus venous

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18
Q

What are the parts of the bulbis cordis

A

truncus arteriosus
conus cordis
primitive right ventricle

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19
Q

What is the bulbs cords associated with

A

outflow on cranial end

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20
Q

What veins will drain into the sinus venosus

A 
vitelline
umbillical
common cardinal vein
coronary sinus
sinus venarum
oblique vein of left atrium
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21
Q

What is the sinus venarum

A

smooth region in the right atrium that receives blood from the vena cava and the coronary sinus

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22
Q

Where is the sinus centrum found

A

in the posterior part of the right atrium

23
Q

When and why will the heart tube form a loop

A

4th week due to differential growth

24
Q

How does the heart tube form a loop

A

bulbis cordis moves anteriorly, inferiorly and to the right side

ventricle moves anteriorly, inferiorly and to the left side

atrium shifts posteriorly and superiorly

25
Q

What will the truncus arteriosis form

A

roots and proximal portions of the aorta and pulmonary artery

26
Q

What will the conus cordis form

A

outflow tracts of both ventricles

27
Q

What will the primitive right ventricle form

A

trabeculated part of the right ventricle

28
Q

What is dextrocardia

A

heart is on the right rather than the left

29
Q

What is situs inversus

A

everything is flipped as well in the body

30
Q

What will result from the incorporation of the right sinus horn into the right atrium

A

formation of IVC calve and coronary sinus valve

31
Q

What is crest terminalis

A

dividing line between the trabeculated part of the right atrium and sinus venarum

32
Q

What are endocardial cushions

A

thickenings of the sub-endocardium

33
Q

What is the function of endocardial cushions

A

formation of atrial and ventricular walls, AV canals and valves, aortic and pulmonary channels

34
Q

What is the role of endocardial cushions in the bulbous cordis

A

serve to partition the truncus

35
Q

Where do endocardial cushions in the bulbous come from

A

neural crest cells

36
Q

What is the role of endocardial cushions in the atria and ventricle

A

partition the atria, AV canals, and IV septum

37
Q

Where do endocardial cushions in the atria and ventricle come from

A

not NCC

38
Q

When will partitioning of the heart occur

A

day 27

39
Q

Where are endocardial cushions derived from

A

mesoderm

40
Q

What do endocardial cushions form in the atria

A

R and L atrioventricular canals

41
Q

What are conotruncal ridges

A

ridges in region of the conus cordis and truncus arteriosus

42
Q

What do conotruncal ridges do

A

separate the aorta and pulmonary trunk

43
Q

Where do conotruncal ridges come from

A

NCC

44
Q

What happens to the sinus venosum during week 5 of development

A

venous system remodels, shifts to right atrium

left horn regresses

45
Q

What does the left horn of the sinus venosum develop into

A

coronary sinus and oblique vein of the LA

46
Q

What does the right horn of the sinus venosum develop into

A

sinus venarum in wall of RA

47
Q

What is the function of the coronary sinus

A

drain the heart

48
Q

What are the 4 components of separation of the atria

A

septum primum
septum secundum
ostium primum
ostium secundum

49
Q

What is the septum primum

A

descends towards endocardial cushions

50
Q

What is the ostium primum

A

allows shunt of oxygenated blood from R to L

51
Q

What is the ostium secundum

A

develops in septum primum

52
Q

What is the septum secundum

A

to the right of the septum primum

53
Q

What does the septum secundum create

A

foramen ovale

54
Q

What is the function of the ostium primum

A

allows blood to bypass pulmonary circulation

LECOM MS1 Embryology (19 decks)

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