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LECOM MS1 Embryology > Integument (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Integument (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the epidermis derived from

A

surface ectoderm

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2
Q

What are the three stages of epidermis development

A

Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3

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3
Q

What occurs in the first stage of epidermis development

A

surface ectoderm and mesoderm form

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4
Q

What occurs in the second stage of epidermis development

A

surface ectoderm proliferates and forms superficial cells

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5
Q

What occurs to the superficial cells produced in the first stage of epidermis development

A

they become keratinized

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6
Q

What do the keratinized cells of epidermis form

A

vernix caseosa

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7
Q

What is the function of the vernix caseosa

A

lubrication and protection

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8
Q

What does the original layer of ectoderm remain as

A

proliferative layer

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9
Q

What occurs during the third stage of ectoderm formation

A

definitive layers are formed

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10
Q

What are the definitive layers of the ectoderm

A 
stratum germivatum
stratum spinosum
stratum granulosum
stratum lucidum
stratus corneum
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11
Q

What will nerural crest cells give rise to in the skin

A

melanocytes

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12
Q

What will melanocytes secrete

A

melanin

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13
Q

What is the dermis derived from

A

somatic mesoderm from lateral plate mesoderm

somites

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14
Q

How do sebaceous glands develop

A

buds of ectoderm down into the dermis layer

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15
Q

Where do the sebaceous glands form in the dermis layer

A

near the root of hair follicles

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16
Q

What is the function of sebaceous glands in the fetus

A

contribute to the vernix caseosa

17
Q

What is the vernix caseosa

A

white thick, cheesy material that protects the skin

18
Q

What is the vernix caseosa composed of

A

epithelial cells and secretions of glands

19
Q

How are mammary glands formed

A

buds of ectoderm into the dermis (mammary buds)

follow the ectodermal ridge thickenings (milk lines) down the body

20
Q

What is witch’s milk

A

clear or milky white fluid that is sometimes expressed from a new born’s breasts due to the influence of maternal hormones

21
Q

What are the only ducts formed at birth

A

main lactiferous ducts

22
Q

When do the remaining mammary ducts form

A

at puberty

23
Q

How do hair follicles form

A

proliferation of the deepest ectoderm layer into the derms.
forms a bulb at the end which contains germinal matrix to produce the hair

as cells proliferate they are pushed to the surface and become keratizines

24
Q

What is the function of the first hairs produced by the embryo

A

hold the vernix against the skin

25
Q

Later, what occurs to the hair bulbs

A

melanocytes migrate into the hair bulbs and contribute melanin to the hair

26
Q

How will arrector pili muscles form

A

mesoderm

27
Q

How do nails form

A

epidermal thickenings (nail fields) at the tip of the digits. Migrates to the dorsal aspect with time

28
Q

What is ichthyosis

A

excessive keratinization of the skin, producing dry and scaly skin

29
Q

In a harlequin fetus, what is the skin like

A

abnormally thick and cracked

30
Q

In a collodion infant what is the skin like

A

thick membrane that cracks and eventually is shed to reveal normal skin

31
Q

What are angiomas

A

persistence or surplus of blood or lymphatic vessels

32
Q

What is nevus flammeus

A

flat pink or red blotch that appears on the psoterior aspect of the neck

33
Q

What is a hemagioma (port wine stain)

A

red but is found on the face

34
Q

WHat causes albinism

A

melanocytes fail to produce melanin and the skin, hair, and retina lack pigment

35
Q

What are supernumerary nipples

A

extra nipples or breast tissue can form anywhere along the milk lines and are fairly common

36
Q

What is congenital alopecia

A

absence of hair

37
Q

What is hypertrichosis

A

abnormal amount of hair growth on the body

38
Q

In what condition is localized hypertrichosis found

A

spina bifida occulta

39
Q

What is neurofibromatosis Type 1

A

NT1-Chromosome 17
GTPase that activates ras

common features: plexiform, cafe au lait spots, axillary frecklying

LECOM MS1 Embryology (19 decks)

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