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LECOM MS1 Embryology > Development of Body Cavities (Exam 2) > Flashcards

Development of Body Cavities (Exam 2) Flashcards

1
Q

What layer of the embryo is closest to the notochord?

A

Mesoderm

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2
Q

What will lateral plate mesoderm split into by the end of the 3rd week

A

Splanchnic (visceral) and Somatic mesoderm (parietal)

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3
Q

What does intermediate mesoderm give rise to

A

urogenital system

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4
Q

What does paraxial mesoderm give rise to

A

musculoskeletal system

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5
Q

What other layer of the embryo is the splanchnic mesoderm associated with

A

underlying endoderm

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6
Q

What is somatopleure

A

association between the somatic mesoderm and the ectoderm

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7
Q

What is a splanchnopleure

A

association between the splanchnic mesoderm and the endoderm

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8
Q

Where does the intraembryonic coelom develop

A

between the somatopleure and splanchnopleure

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9
Q

What type of tissue will line the yolk sac

A

endoderm

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10
Q

What body cavity changes will be seen after lateral folding

A

yolk sac incorporated
primitive body cavity forms
formation of dorsal mesentery

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11
Q

What is the incorporated yolk sac known as

A

primitive gut tube

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12
Q

What is the primitive body cavity initially continuous with

A

chorionic cavity (extraembryonic coelom)

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13
Q

What composes the dorsal mesentery

A

parietal and visceral mesoderm

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14
Q

What is a mesentery

A

double-layered fold of peritoneum

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15
Q

What is the function of a mesentery

A

provide pathway for blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics

allow organ movement

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16
Q

What type of peritoneum lines the body wall

A

parietal peritoneum

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17
Q

What type of peritoneum lines the viscera

A

visceral peritoneum

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18
Q

What is the vitelline duct

A

connects yolk sac to the primitive gut tube (midgut lumen)

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19
Q

What are the two types of embryonic folding

A

longitudinal (had to tail)

transverse-lateral folding

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20
Q

What does longitudinal head to tail folding result in

A

cariogenic area is shifted into the thorax

yolk sac is incorporated

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21
Q

What does transverse-lateral folding result in

A

incorporation of yolk sac

body cavity formation

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22
Q

How is the intra-embryonic coelom formed and divided

A

differential growth coupled with folding

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23
Q

What is the inside of the body cavity lined by

A

mesodermal derivatives

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24
Q

How are the different parts of the lateral plate mesoderm innervated

A

somatic: GSA
Splanchnic: GVA

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25
Q

What is the intraembryonic coelom originally continuous with

A

chorionic cavity

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26
Q

What will the intraembryonic coelom form within the thorax

A

pericardial cavity

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27
Q

What will the intraembryonic coelom form within the abdomen/pelvis

A

peritoneal cavity

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28
Q

What will the intraembryonic coelom form within the pericardioperitoneal cavities

A

pleural cavities

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29
Q

What does the coelomic epithelium give rise to

A

smooth muscle and CT of tubes (mesoderm), cardiac muscle, sustentacular cells, epithelium of reproductive

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30
Q

What is ectopiacordis

A

heart is outside the chest wall

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31
Q

What causes ectopiacordis

A

ventral wall defect, failure of somatic mesoderm to fuse properly

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32
Q

What is gastrochisis

A

abdominal organs develop outside of the body wall

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33
Q

Where is the defect in gastrochisis usually found

A

to the right of the umbilical cord

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34
Q

What causes gastrochisis

A

somatic mesoderm failing to form properly

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35
Q

What covers the organs in gastrochisis and what is clinical correlation because of this

A

only visceral peritoneum and therefore exposed to amnion, corrosive

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36
Q

What are the risks of gastrochisis

A

organs exposed to amniotic fluid which is corrosive

vulvus

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37
Q

What is vulvus

A

organs twist around themselves and lose blood supply

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38
Q

What are the different types of ventral wall defects

A

cleft sternum
ectopia cordis
omphalocele

39
Q

What is omphalocele

A

failure of guts to return after physiological herniation

40
Q

What are the 3 cavities that the intraembryonic cavity is continuous through

A

pleural cavities
pericardial cavity
peritoneal cavity

41
Q

What is the septum transversum

A

thickened mass of lateral plate of mesoderm

42
Q

Where is the septum transversum situated

A

cranial end of embryo between heart and liver

43
Q

What does the septum transversum seperate

A

intraembryonic coelom into thoracic and abdominal cavities

44
Q

The septum transversum is initially what

A

INCOMPLETE

45
Q

What will the septum transversum ultimately become

A

part of the diaphragm

46
Q

What are pericardioperitoneal canals

A

canals on either side of the septum transversum that maintain continuity between 3 body cavities

47
Q

Where do developing lungs expand, and what does this result in

A

expand into pericardioperitoneal cans

expansion forms ventral body wall and pleuropericardial folds

48
Q

What does rapid growth of the lung buds split body wall mesoderm into

A

definitive body wall

pleuropericardial membranes

49
Q

What do pleuropericardial membranes contain

A

common cardinal veins and phrenic nerves

50
Q

As the lung buds grow, where do the pleuropericardial membranes project

A

medially

51
Q

What do the pleuropericardial folds separate

A

pericardial cavity from the pleural cavity

52
Q

What do the pleuropericardial folds give rise to

A

fibrous pericardium and parietal serous pericardium

mediastinal pleura

53
Q

What will the pleuropericardial membranes enclose once they fuse

A

two pleural cavities and one pericardial cavity

54
Q

What will provide innervation to the pericardium and parietal pleura

A

phrenic nerve

55
Q

What 4 structures is the diaphragm derived from

A

septum transversum
mesoderm
pleuroperitoneal folds
dorsal mesentery

56
Q

What supplies muscle to the diaphragm

A

paraxial mesoderm

57
Q

What will form the central tendon of the diaphragm

A

septum transversum

58
Q

What will the pleuroperitoneal membranes contribute to the diaphragm

A

lateral edges of central tendon

59
Q

What will the esophageal mesentery contribute to the diaphragm

A

right and left crura

60
Q

What will the paraxial mesoderm contribute to the diaphragm

A

most muscle of the diaphragm

61
Q

What is congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

intestines herniate into pleural cavity

62
Q

What is the most common congenital herniation

A

hernia of Bochdalk

63
Q

What is hernia of Bochdalek

A

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

64
Q

What causes congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

failure of peritoneal membrane to fuse and close the pericardioperitoneal canal

65
Q

What side do congenital diaphragmatic hernias usually occur on and why

A

left

left is larger and closes at a later time

66
Q

What is defective in an esophageal hernia (hiatal hernia)

A

defect in right crus or short esophagus

67
Q

What occurs is an esophageal hernia

A

stomach is constricted at level of diaphragm and herniates into thorax

68
Q

What is defective in parasternal hernia

A

deficit between the sternal and costal heads of the diaphragm

69
Q

What is diaphragm innervated by

A

phrenic nerve

70
Q

Where will dorsal and ventral mesentery be seen

A

dorsal mesentery suspends gut tube from posterior body wall

ventral mesentery only develops in the foregut region (diaphragm to yolk stalk)

71
Q

Where is the ventral mesentery derived from

A

septum transversum

72
Q

How will blood vessels supplying the gut travel

A

through mesentery

73
Q

What are the arteries associated with dorsal mesentery

A

celiac trunk
superior mesenteric
inferior mesenteric

74
Q

What region does the celiac trunk supply

A

foregut

75
Q

What region does the superior mesenteric supply

A

midgut

76
Q

What region does the inferior mesenteric supply

A

hindgut

77
Q

What are the derivatives of dorsal mesentery

A 
greater omentum
mesoesophagus
transverse mesocolon
mesoappedix
sigmoid mesocolon
mesentery proper
gastrophenic ligament
gastrosplenic ligament
gastrocolic ligament
phrenicolienal ligament
phrenicolic ligament
78
Q

What are the derivatives of ventral mesentery

A 
lesser omentum
hepatogastric fold
hepatoduodenal lig
coronary lig
falciform lig
triangular ligaments
79
Q

Where does the spleen develop from

A

mesoderm

80
Q

What layer is the spleen developed in

A

dorsal mesentery

81
Q

What are ligaments associated with the spleen

A

lienorenal

gastrosplenic

82
Q

What does the lienorenal ligament do

A

connect spleen to body wall

83
Q

What does the gastrosplenic ligament do

A

connect spleen to stomach

84
Q

How is the spleen classified

A

intraperitoneal

85
Q

What does it mean if an organ is intraperitoneal

A

completely surrounded by mesentery

86
Q

What are examples of intraperitoneal organs

A 
stomach
transverse colon
sigmoid colon
spleen
jejunum/ileum
duodenum part 1 and distal part 4
87
Q

What are the two types of retroperitoneal

A

primary and secondary

88
Q

What is a retroperitoneal organ classified as

A

organ not completely surrounded by mesentery

89
Q

What are primary retroperitoneal organs

A

organs that never had a mesentery

90
Q

What are examples of primary retroperitoneal organs

A

aorta, IVC

kidneys, bladder, ureters

91
Q

What is a secondary retroperitoneal organ

A

had a mesentery but lost it partially in development

92
Q

What are examples of secondary retroperitoneal organs

A 
duodenum part 2-proximal 4
ascending and descending colon
rectum
pancreas
liver, gallbladder
93
Q

How does the mental bursa form

A

right side of the dorsal mesentery thins and the stomach rotates to the left

pulls dorsal mesentery from the posterior wall.

94
Q

What is the epiploic foramen of Winslow

A

connection between omental bursa and greater sac

LECOM MS1 Embryology (19 decks)

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