Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LECOM MS1 Embryology > Face, Skull, Palate (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Face, Skull, Palate (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is positional plagiocephaly

A

positioned in the same position for long periods of time result in mis-shaped skulls of infants

flattening of the occiput by mechanical factors acting on the head in utero or during early infancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the two different parts of skull developmentally

A

neurocranium

viscerocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Where is the neurocranium found

A

around the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the viscerocranium found

A

around the face

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two parts of the chondocranium

A

prechordal

chordal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is prechordal chondrocranium formed from

A

neural crest cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is chordal chondrocranium formed from

A

paraxial mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the mechanism by which the chondrocranium is formed by

A

endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is the membranous neurocranium formed

A

intramembranous ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is the cartilaginous neurocranium formed

A

endochondral ossification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What arch is the vescerocranium mainly derived from

A

arch 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Arch 1 deficits will affect what

A

facial aspect of the skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are fontanelles

A

fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones; soft spots on developing skulls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How the fontanel significant clinically

A

dehydrated if fontanelle is sunken in

ballooned if increased cranial pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is craniosynostosis

A

premature closure of cranial sutures;

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does premature closure of cranial sutures lead to

A

asymmetrical skull development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is scaphocephaly

A

Premature of the sagittal suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is brachycephaly

A

a short head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does brachycephaly result from

A

premature closure of bilateral coronal sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is brachycephaly found in

A

Crouzon syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is plagiocephaly

A

premature closure of a suture on just one side of the head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What does plagiocephaly result in

A

flat head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is unilamboid synostosis

A

premature fusion of the lamboid suture unilaterally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does does unilamboid synostosis lead to

A

contralateral frontal bossing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What may cause ipsilateral frontal bossing

A

positional head deformity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is metopic synostosis

A

premature fusion of the metopic suture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does metopic synostosis lead to

A

triangle shaped frontal bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the treatment for plagiocephaly

A

helmets and OMM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is acrania

A

failure of the skull to develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What happens to the brain in acrania

A

it is exposed to amniotic fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is anencephaly

A

brain does not develop due to acrania

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is microcephaly

A

small neurocranium compared to viscerocranium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What causes microcephaly

A

brain does not grow or multiple sutures fusing prematurely

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What are the 5 facial primordia

A

1 frontonasal prominent
2 maxillary prominences
2 mandibular prominences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Where are the maxillary and mandibular prominences derived from

A

arch 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

What does the frontonasal prominence give rise to

A

medial and lateral promenences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

What will be formed from the fusing of the medial nasal prominences

A

central part of upper lip and medial aspect of the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What will the nasolacrimal groove form from

A

lateral side of lateral nasal prominence merging with maxillary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What does the nasolacrimal groove develop into

A

nasolacrimal duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the function of the nasolacrimal duct

A

empties lacrimal fluid into the nasal cavity

41
Q

What forms the intermaxillary segment of the palate

A

medial nasal prominences as they fuse together

42
Q

What is the alveolus

A

bony socket, a cavity in the alveolar bone that houses the root of a tooth

43
Q

What is the hard palate composed of

A

primary palate

secondary palate

44
Q

What makes up the secondary palate

A

maxillary prominences

45
Q

How can the tongue affect development of the palate

A

if the tongue does not move down the palatine shelves won’t be able to fuse properly

46
Q

What will the nasal septum fuse with as it moves inferiorly

A

palatine shelves

47
Q

What is the dividing line between anterior (primary) and posterior (secondary) palates

A

incisive foramen

48
Q

What are anterior and posterior clefts named in relation to

A

incisive foramen

49
Q

What are the different types of clefts

A 
anterior cleft
posterior cleft
cleft lip
median cleft
median cleft of lower lip
facial cleft
microstomia
50
Q

What failed to fuse in a median cleft

A

median nasal prominences

51
Q

What failed to fuse in an oblique fascial cleft

A

lateral nasal prominence and maxillary prominence

52
Q

What is macrostomia

A

wide mouth

53
Q

What causes macrostomia

A

maxillary and mandibular prominences did not fuse properly

54
Q

What causes posterior cleft

A

left and right palatal shelves did not fuse properly

55
Q

What does the prechordal cartilage fuse with

A

olfactory capsule

56
Q

What does the prechordal cartilage contribute to

A

ethmoid bone

57
Q

Where does the parachordal cartilage form

A

cranial end of notocord and fuses with cartilage from occipital somites

58
Q

Wht does parachordal cartilage form

A

occipital bone

59
Q

Where is the hypophysial cartilage found

A

around developing pituitary gland

60
Q

what does hypophysial cartilage form

A

body of sphenoid

61
Q

What are the capsules around the special sensory structures of the head

A

olfactory
otic
optic

62
Q

What does the olfactory capsule do

A

fuses with prechordal and form ethmoid, nasal, lacrimal and inferior concha

63
Q

What does the otic capsule do

A

forms around the primordium of the middle and internal ear and gives rise to the petrous and mastoid parts of the temporal bone

64
Q

What does the optic capsule do

A

surrounds the eye and gives rise to the greater and lesser wings of the sphenoid

65
Q

What is the membranous neurocranium derived from

A

neural crest cells

paraxial mesoderm

66
Q

What does the membranous viscerocranium arise from

A

first arch and NCC

67
Q

What bones does the membranous viscerocranium contribute to

A

squamous temporal
maxillary
zygomatic bones
most of mandible

68
Q

What will the pharyngeal arches contribute to the cartilaginous viscerocranium

A 
malleus and incus
stapes, lesser horn and superior part of hyoid
greater horns and inferior hyoid
epiglottis
laryngeal cartilages
69
Q

When does the face begin to develop

A

week 4

70
Q

When will nasal placodes begin forming

A

week 4

71
Q

WHen will the medial nasal prominences fuse

A

7-10 weeks

72
Q

When will the maxillary prominences begin to fuse wiht the lateral nasal prominence

A

week 6

73
Q

What will the intermaxillary segment give rise to

A

philtrum
premaxillary part of maxilla
primary palate

74
Q

What are the 5 ectodermal placodes that form on each side of the head

A 
hypophyseal
olfactory
ventrolateral
dorsolateral
intermediate
75
Q

What does the olfactory placode give rise to

A

epithelium of nasal cavity

76
Q

What does the ventrolateral placode give rise to

A

ganglia of CN VII, IX, and X

77
Q

What does the dorsolateral placode give rise to

A

otic placodes

78
Q

What does the intermediate placode give rise to

A

profundal and trigeminal placodes–trigeminal ganglia

79
Q

What does the hypophyseal placode give rise to

A

Rathke’s pouch

80
Q

What are cranial senosry ganglia derived from

A

neural crest and ectodermal placodes

81
Q

When will the primary palate form

A

weeks 5-12

82
Q

When will the secondary palate begin to develop

A

week 6

83
Q

What is oxycephaly

A

premature closure of the coronal suture

84
Q

What shape of the skull in oxycephaly

A

high tower like crnaium

85
Q

What is choanal atresia

A

Incomplete canalizaiton of the nasal passage during development

86
Q

What are the signs of coanal atresia

A 
CHARGE
Coloboma of iris, choroid
Heart defect
Atresia of Choanae
Retarded growth
GU anomaly
Ear defect
87
Q

What is microstomia

A

small mouth

88
Q

What causes microstomia

A

excessive merging of maxillary and mandibular prominences

89
Q

What does a cleft lip involve

A

only the lip; can be bilateral, occurs in various degrees, more common in males

90
Q

What is an anterior cleft

A

cleft lip that may involve the alveolar part of the maxilla, anterior to the incisive foramen

91
Q

What is deficit in an anterior cleft

A

maxillary prominence and intermaxillary segment

92
Q

What is posterior cleft

A

secondary palate and extends through the soft and hard palate

93
Q

What is the mild case of posterior cleft involve

A

only the uvula

94
Q

What causes posterior cleft

A

defective development of secondary palate

95
Q

What is median cleft

A

failure of medial nasal prominences to merge and form intermaxillary segment

96
Q

What is median cleft a characteristic of

A

Mohr syndrome

97
Q

What doesnt form properly in a median cleft of lower lip

A

failure of mandibular prominence to fuse

98
Q

What is an oblique facial cleft

A

cleft from upper lip to medial margin of orbit

LECOM MS1 Embryology (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions