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LECOM MS1 Embryology > Eye and Ear Development (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Eye and Ear Development (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What causes congenital deafness?

A

abnormal development of the inner or middle ear

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2
Q

How long does the ear take to develop

A

weeks 3-24

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3
Q

What allows the middle ear to be continuous with the pharynx

A

eustachian tube (pharyngotympanic tube)

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4
Q

What bone is the inner ear found within

A

temporal bone

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5
Q

How is the otic vesicle formed

A

thickening of the ectoderm into an otic placode, that invaginates into an otic pit and vaginates into a vesicle

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6
Q

What will the otic vesicle form

A

inner ear

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7
Q

How is the vestibulocochlear ganglion formed

A

cells of the otic placode and neural crest cells

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8
Q

What is the vestibulocochlear ganglion a ganglion for

A

cranial nerve 8

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9
Q

What will the 1st and 2nd pharygeal arches contribute to the ear

A

first pouch and cleft–> external ear and internal ear cavity down to the eustachian tube

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10
Q

What does the first pharyngeal pouch contribute to the ear

A

tube and tympanic cavity

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11
Q

What layers are the typanic membrane composed of

A

ectoderm
mesoderm (mesenchyme)
endoderm

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12
Q

What are the ossicles of the ear derived from

A

mesenchyme of 1st and 2nd arches

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13
Q

What does the mesenchyme of the 1st arch give rise to

A

malleus and incus

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14
Q

What does the mesenchyme of the 2nd arch give rise to

A

stapes

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15
Q

What muscle attaches to the stapes

A

stapedius

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16
Q

What muscle attaches to the malleus

A

tensor tympani

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17
Q

What is the tensor tympani innervated by

A

CN V

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18
Q

What is the stapedius innervated by

A

CN VII

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19
Q

What will mesoderm contribute to the ear

A

bones of the ear: malleus, incus, and stapes

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20
Q

What are mastoid air cells

A

after birth, tympanic cavity invades the mastoid process

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21
Q

Posterior wall of the middle ear communicates with what

A

mastoid air cells fo the mastoid process of the temporal bone

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22
Q

What does the auricle of the ear develop from

A

First and Second pharyngeal arches

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23
Q

What germ layer derives the auricle of the ear

A

ectoderm

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24
Q

What will auricular hillocks form

A

cartilaginous parts of the external ear

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25
What auricular hillocks come from the first arch
hillocks 1-2-3
26
What auricular hillocks come from the second arch
hillocks 4-5-6
27
What is the sin of the ear innervated by
``` CNV CNVII greater auricular nerve (cervical plexus) CNIX CNX ```
28
What can occur to auricular sinus
infected or get an abscess
29
What is the result of auricular appendages
usually just cosmetic
30
What parts of the eye will the neuroectoderm contribute to
retina, posterior lens, and optic nerve
31
What parts of the eye will the surface ectoderm contribute to
lens | corneal epithelium
32
What parts of the eye will the mesoderm contribute to
vascular and fibrous coats
33
What parts of the eye will the neural crest cells contribute to
Sclera, Choroid, corneal endothelium
34
What is papilledema
increase in intracranial pressure which causes elevated optic disk with blurred margins; bigger blind spot
35
When do the eyes start to form
4th week
36
How do the eyes start to form
optic vessicles grow out of the forebrain and lens placodes form
37
What will form the retina
ends of the optic cups
38
How many layers does the retina have
2 layers
39
What provides arterial supply to the lens during development
hyaloid artery
40
What does the hyaloid artery form in the eye
cleft in the optic stalk
41
What eventually occurs to the hyaloid artery
degenerates from lens and will persist as the artery of the retina
42
What does the hyaloid artery supply during development
lens
43
The artery of the retina is a branch from what artery
opthalmic
44
What is found within the choroid fissure during development
hyaloid artery
45
What will the outer and inner layers of the optic cup develop into
outer: pigmental layer inner: neural layer
46
What is the ciliary body derived from
choroid mesenchyme and optic cup
47
What is the iris formed from
edge of the optic cup
48
What is the gap that remains between the optic cups form
pupil
49
How is the lens of the eye formed
surface ectoderm invaginates and pinches into a vesicle
50
What do the posterior cells of the lens vesicle do
elongate and form a rounded surface
51
What do the posterior cells of the lens vesicle cause when elongating
obliterating cavity
52
Where are lens fibers created
at the equator
53
What is the arterial supply to the lens
hyaloid artery
54
What is the cornea derived from
surface ectoderm mesoderm neural crest cells
55
What induces formation of the cornea
lens vesicle formation
56
What does surface ectoderm contribute to the cornea
corneal epithelium
57
What does mesoderm contribute to the cornea
CT
58
What does NCC contribute to the cornea
corneal endothelium
59
What is the conjunctiva composed of
surface ectoderm
60
What will the mesenchyme that surrounds the optic cup form
inner vascular layer | outer fibrous layers
61
What is the inner vascular layer of the eye ultimately
choroid
62
What is the outer fibrous layer of the eye ultimately
sclera
63
How is the lacrimal gland formed
invagination of ectoderm from the eyelinds
64
What is the orbicularis oculi derived from
second pharyngeal arch
65
What are the precursors to the eye muscles
preotic somtites
66
What order do the eye muscles form
Lateral rectus and Superior rectus and levator papillae Superior oblique Inferior oblique, inferior rectus, medial rectus
67
When will nerves of the extrinsic eye muscles reach the orbit
Oculomotor: 5th week | Trochlear and Abducens: end of 5th week
68
What nerve innervates lateral rectus
Trochlear
69
What nerve innervates Superior oblique
Abducen
70
What nerve innervates inferior oblique, superior rectus, inferior rectus, and medial rectus
Oculomotor
71
What is the cause of cyclopedia
not enough facial mesoderm
72
What do babies with cyclopedia often have instead of a nose
proboscis
73
What is syncopthalmia
incomplete fusion of the eyes in cyclopia
74
What causes a tear drop shaped pupil
gap in the iris; remnant of the choroid fissure that can extend to the sclera
75
What causes a spider web pupil
persisten pupillary membrane
76
What is anoridia
no iris, all pupil
77
What causes anoridia
mesoderm and neural crest cell malfunction
78
What is retinoblastoma
congenital tumor that involves the retina; lens is clear, cloudiness is caused by tumor in the retina
79
What are the most common signs/symptoms of retinoblastoma
``` white reflex strabismus pain glaucoma poor eye sight ```
80
WHat causes congenital glaucoma
defect in the draining system
81
What is congenital glaucoma
increased intraocular pressure
82
When will the otic placode start developing
Week 4
83
What are the two parts of the otic vesicle
utricle | saccule
84
What does the utricle form
utricle, semicircular canals, endolymphatic tube
85
What does the saccule form
saccule and cochlear duct
86
What are the specialized hair cells that will develop within the membranous labryinth
Cristae ampularis Macula Cochlear
87
Where do the cochlear hair cells form
cochlear duct
88
Where do the cristae ampularis hair cells form
semicircular canal ampullas
89
Where do the macula hair cells form
utricle and saccule
90
What is the function of the spiral ganglion
related to cochlear duct and involved in hearing
91
What is the function of the vestibular ganglion
related to remaining hair cells and involved in detection of head movement
92
What will the otic capsule contribute to
formation of the petrous part of the temporal bone
93
Where is the perilymphatic space found
within the otic capsule; related to the cochlea duct
94
What is the perilymphatic space filled with
perilymph
95
Where is the perilymphatic space found in relationship to the cochlea duct
above: scala tympani below: scala vestibuli
96
What is tensor tympani attached to
malleus
97
What is stapedius attached to
stapes
98
What is anotia
absence of an ear
99
What is microtia
small ear
100
What causes auricular appendeges
persistence of extra auricular hillock
101
What causes preauricular sinus
failure of first cleft to close
102
What is atresia of the external auditory meatus
failure of canalizatiion of the external ear canal
103
What is congenital cholesteatoma
epidermoid tissue within the tympanic membrane
104
What are the eyelids composed of
surface ectoderm with a core of mesenchyme
105
When will the eyelids separate
during 5-7 months of development
106
What gives rise to preotic somites
prechordal plate mesoderm
107
What happens in congenital retinal detachment
two layers of the retina are separated
108
What is colobama
improper closure of the choroid fissure resulting in a gap in the iris or iris and retina
109
What is cyclopia
fusion of the eyes in the midline
110
What causes cyclopia
defect involving midline structures
111
What is microphtlamia
small, normal appearing eye or an eye that was arrested at some point during normal development
112
What is anophthalmia
congenital absence of eye tissue
113
What is aniridia
absence of iris
114
What is congenital aphakia
absence of lens

LECOM MS1 Embryology (19 decks)

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