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LECOM MS1 Embryology > Eye and Ear Development (Exam 3) > Flashcards

Eye and Ear Development (Exam 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What causes congenital deafness?

A

abnormal development of the inner or middle ear

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2
Q

How long does the ear take to develop

A

weeks 3-24

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3
Q

What allows the middle ear to be continuous with the pharynx

A

eustachian tube (pharyngotympanic tube)

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4
Q

What bone is the inner ear found within

A

temporal bone

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5
Q

How is the otic vesicle formed

A

thickening of the ectoderm into an otic placode, that invaginates into an otic pit and vaginates into a vesicle

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6
Q

What will the otic vesicle form

A

inner ear

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7
Q

How is the vestibulocochlear ganglion formed

A

cells of the otic placode and neural crest cells

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8
Q

What is the vestibulocochlear ganglion a ganglion for

A

cranial nerve 8

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9
Q

What will the 1st and 2nd pharygeal arches contribute to the ear

A

first pouch and cleft–> external ear and internal ear cavity down to the eustachian tube

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10
Q

What does the first pharyngeal pouch contribute to the ear

A

tube and tympanic cavity

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11
Q

What layers are the typanic membrane composed of

A

ectoderm
mesoderm (mesenchyme)
endoderm

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12
Q

What are the ossicles of the ear derived from

A

mesenchyme of 1st and 2nd arches

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13
Q

What does the mesenchyme of the 1st arch give rise to

A

malleus and incus

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14
Q

What does the mesenchyme of the 2nd arch give rise to

A

stapes

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15
Q

What muscle attaches to the stapes

A

stapedius

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16
Q

What muscle attaches to the malleus

A

tensor tympani

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17
Q

What is the tensor tympani innervated by

A

CN V

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18
Q

What is the stapedius innervated by

A

CN VII

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19
Q

What will mesoderm contribute to the ear

A

bones of the ear: malleus, incus, and stapes

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20
Q

What are mastoid air cells

A

after birth, tympanic cavity invades the mastoid process

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21
Q

Posterior wall of the middle ear communicates with what

A

mastoid air cells fo the mastoid process of the temporal bone

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22
Q

What does the auricle of the ear develop from

A

First and Second pharyngeal arches

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23
Q

What germ layer derives the auricle of the ear

A

ectoderm

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24
Q

What will auricular hillocks form

A

cartilaginous parts of the external ear

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25
Q

What auricular hillocks come from the first arch

A

hillocks 1-2-3

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26
Q

What auricular hillocks come from the second arch

A

hillocks 4-5-6

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27
Q

What is the sin of the ear innervated by

A 
CNV
CNVII
greater auricular nerve (cervical plexus)
CNIX
CNX
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28
Q

What can occur to auricular sinus

A

infected or get an abscess

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29
Q

What is the result of auricular appendages

A

usually just cosmetic

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30
Q

What parts of the eye will the neuroectoderm contribute to

A

retina, posterior lens, and optic nerve

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31
Q

What parts of the eye will the surface ectoderm contribute to

A

lens

corneal epithelium

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32
Q

What parts of the eye will the mesoderm contribute to

A

vascular and fibrous coats

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33
Q

What parts of the eye will the neural crest cells contribute to

A

Sclera, Choroid, corneal endothelium

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34
Q

What is papilledema

A

increase in intracranial pressure which causes elevated optic disk with blurred margins; bigger blind spot

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35
Q

When do the eyes start to form

A

4th week

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36
Q

How do the eyes start to form

A

optic vessicles grow out of the forebrain and lens placodes form

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37
Q

What will form the retina

A

ends of the optic cups

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38
Q

How many layers does the retina have

A

2 layers

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39
Q

What provides arterial supply to the lens during development

A

hyaloid artery

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40
Q

What does the hyaloid artery form in the eye

A

cleft in the optic stalk

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41
Q

What eventually occurs to the hyaloid artery

A

degenerates from lens and will persist as the artery of the retina

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42
Q

What does the hyaloid artery supply during development

A

lens

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43
Q

The artery of the retina is a branch from what artery

A

opthalmic

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44
Q

What is found within the choroid fissure during development

A

hyaloid artery

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45
Q

What will the outer and inner layers of the optic cup develop into

A

outer: pigmental layer
inner: neural layer

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46
Q

What is the ciliary body derived from

A

choroid mesenchyme and optic cup

47
Q

What is the iris formed from

A

edge of the optic cup

48
Q

What is the gap that remains between the optic cups form

A

pupil

49
Q

How is the lens of the eye formed

A

surface ectoderm invaginates and pinches into a vesicle

50
Q

What do the posterior cells of the lens vesicle do

A

elongate and form a rounded surface

51
Q

What do the posterior cells of the lens vesicle cause when elongating

A

obliterating cavity

52
Q

Where are lens fibers created

A

at the equator

53
Q

What is the arterial supply to the lens

A

hyaloid artery

54
Q

What is the cornea derived from

A

surface ectoderm
mesoderm
neural crest cells

55
Q

What induces formation of the cornea

A

lens vesicle formation

56
Q

What does surface ectoderm contribute to the cornea

A

corneal epithelium

57
Q

What does mesoderm contribute to the cornea

A

CT

58
Q

What does NCC contribute to the cornea

A

corneal endothelium

59
Q

What is the conjunctiva composed of

A

surface ectoderm

60
Q

What will the mesenchyme that surrounds the optic cup form

A

inner vascular layer

outer fibrous layers

61
Q

What is the inner vascular layer of the eye ultimately

A

choroid

62
Q

What is the outer fibrous layer of the eye ultimately

A

sclera

63
Q

How is the lacrimal gland formed

A

invagination of ectoderm from the eyelinds

64
Q

What is the orbicularis oculi derived from

A

second pharyngeal arch

65
Q

What are the precursors to the eye muscles

A

preotic somtites

66
Q

What order do the eye muscles form

A

Lateral rectus and Superior rectus and levator papillae

Superior oblique

Inferior oblique, inferior rectus, medial rectus

67
Q

When will nerves of the extrinsic eye muscles reach the orbit

A

Oculomotor: 5th week

Trochlear and Abducens: end of 5th week

68
Q

What nerve innervates lateral rectus

A

Trochlear

69
Q

What nerve innervates Superior oblique

A

Abducen

70
Q

What nerve innervates inferior oblique, superior rectus, inferior rectus, and medial rectus

A

Oculomotor

71
Q

What is the cause of cyclopedia

A

not enough facial mesoderm

72
Q

What do babies with cyclopedia often have instead of a nose

A

proboscis

73
Q

What is syncopthalmia

A

incomplete fusion of the eyes in cyclopia

74
Q

What causes a tear drop shaped pupil

A

gap in the iris; remnant of the choroid fissure that can extend to the sclera

75
Q

What causes a spider web pupil

A

persisten pupillary membrane

76
Q

What is anoridia

A

no iris, all pupil

77
Q

What causes anoridia

A

mesoderm and neural crest cell malfunction

78
Q

What is retinoblastoma

A

congenital tumor that involves the retina; lens is clear, cloudiness is caused by tumor in the retina

79
Q

What are the most common signs/symptoms of retinoblastoma

A 
white reflex
strabismus
pain
glaucoma
poor eye sight
80
Q

WHat causes congenital glaucoma

A

defect in the draining system

81
Q

What is congenital glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure

82
Q

When will the otic placode start developing

A

Week 4

83
Q

What are the two parts of the otic vesicle

A

utricle

saccule

84
Q

What does the utricle form

A

utricle, semicircular canals, endolymphatic tube

85
Q

What does the saccule form

A

saccule and cochlear duct

86
Q

What are the specialized hair cells that will develop within the membranous labryinth

A

Cristae ampularis
Macula
Cochlear

87
Q

Where do the cochlear hair cells form

A

cochlear duct

88
Q

Where do the cristae ampularis hair cells form

A

semicircular canal ampullas

89
Q

Where do the macula hair cells form

A

utricle and saccule

90
Q

What is the function of the spiral ganglion

A

related to cochlear duct and involved in hearing

91
Q

What is the function of the vestibular ganglion

A

related to remaining hair cells and involved in detection of head movement

92
Q

What will the otic capsule contribute to

A

formation of the petrous part of the temporal bone

93
Q

Where is the perilymphatic space found

A

within the otic capsule; related to the cochlea duct

94
Q

What is the perilymphatic space filled with

A

perilymph

95
Q

Where is the perilymphatic space found in relationship to the cochlea duct

A

above: scala tympani
below: scala vestibuli

96
Q

What is tensor tympani attached to

A

malleus

97
Q

What is stapedius attached to

A

stapes

98
Q

What is anotia

A

absence of an ear

99
Q

What is microtia

A

small ear

100
Q

What causes auricular appendeges

A

persistence of extra auricular hillock

101
Q

What causes preauricular sinus

A

failure of first cleft to close

102
Q

What is atresia of the external auditory meatus

A

failure of canalizatiion of the external ear canal

103
Q

What is congenital cholesteatoma

A

epidermoid tissue within the tympanic membrane

104
Q

What are the eyelids composed of

A

surface ectoderm with a core of mesenchyme

105
Q

When will the eyelids separate

A

during 5-7 months of development

106
Q

What gives rise to preotic somites

A

prechordal plate mesoderm

107
Q

What happens in congenital retinal detachment

A

two layers of the retina are separated

108
Q

What is colobama

A

improper closure of the choroid fissure resulting in a gap in the iris or iris and retina

109
Q

What is cyclopia

A

fusion of the eyes in the midline

110
Q

What causes cyclopia

A

defect involving midline structures

111
Q

What is microphtlamia

A

small, normal appearing eye or an eye that was arrested at some point during normal development

112
Q

What is anophthalmia

A

congenital absence of eye tissue

113
Q

What is aniridia

A

absence of iris

114
Q

What is congenital aphakia

A

absence of lens

LECOM MS1 Embryology (19 decks)

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