Pharmacology Flashcards
Pharmacokinetic parameter - Cmax/MIC
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
Pharmacokinetic parameter - AUC/MIC
Vancomycin
Azithromycin
Fluoroquinolones
Aminoglycosides
Tigecycline
Linezolid
Pharmacokinetic parameter - T > MIC
Beta lactams
Vancomycin
Macrolides
Clindamycin
Site of action for acetazolamide
PCT
Site of action for furosemide
thick ascending loop of Henle
Inhibits sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter (NKCC2)
Site of action for thiazide, metolazone, indapamide
DCT
Site of action for spironolactone
CD
Site of action for amiloride
DCT, connecting tubules, collecting ducts
Site of action for triamterene
Collecting tubule
Interactions that increase lithium concentrations
SSRIs
Metronidazole
Tetracyclines
Topiramate
NSAIDs
ACE inhibitors
Thiazide diuretics
Spironolactone
Furosemide
ARBs
Interactions that decrease lithium concentrations
Xanthines (theophylline, caffeine)
Sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride containing products
Psyllium
Urea
Mannitol
Acetazolamide
Medications associated with photosensitivity
Doxycycline
Hydrochlorothiazide
Amiodarone
Chlorpromazine
Co-trimaxazole
Captopril
Enalapril
Carbamazepine
Bendroflumethiazide
Which medication has been associated with male breast cancer?
Finasteride
Type II 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor –> enzyme that metabolises testosterone into more potent androgen dihydrotestosterone
Most common side effect of quinine
Thrombocytopenia
Common adverse effects of lithium
Metallic taste
Diarrhoea
Muscle weakness
Epigastric discomfort
Weight gain
Vertigo
Leukocytosis
Hypothyroidism
Hypercalcaemia
Hyperparathyroidism
Benign T wave changes on ECG
Signs of severe lithium toxicity
Increased muscle tone
Hyperreflexia
Myoclonic jerks
Coarse tremor
Dysarthria
Disorientation
Psychosis
Seizures
Coma
Important monitoring for patients on lithium
Baseline ECG
Weight
Renal function
SErum calcium
PTH
TFTs
Repeat every 3-6 months
AEDs - sodium blockade
Carbamazepine
Lacosamide
Lamotrigine
Phenytoin
Zonisamide
AEDs- a2-gamma modulation
Gabapentin
Pregabalin
AEDs - Ca channel blockade
Ethosuximide
Lamotrigine
Zonisamide
AEDs- modulation of SV2A mediated neurotransmitter release
Levetiracetam
Brivaracetam
MOA of perampanel
AMPA antagonism
AEDs - potentiates GABA activity
Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Valproate
Vigabatran
Drug interaction between sodium valproate and lamotrigine
Lamotrigine metabolised by N-glucoronidation
Valproate causes rise in plasma concentration of Lamotrigine by competitively inhibiting glucoronidation
Drug interaction between sodium valproate and carbapenems
Decreased efficacy of sodium valproate
Carba/pheny/pheno/ox + lamotrigine drug interactions
CYP3A4 inducers –> decreases lamotrigine levels
Carba/pheny/pheno/ox + OCP
Decreases efficacy of OCP
