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Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal cells secrete

A

Gastric acid
Intrinsic factor

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2
Q

Function of gastric acid

A

Decrease stomach acid
Activates pepsinogen to pepsin
Kills microorganisms except H. pylori

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3
Q

Role of IF

A

Binds to vitamin B12
Enables absorption in terminal ileum

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4
Q

Stimulation of Gastric acid and IF

A

Vague nerve
Gastrin
Histamine

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5
Q

Inhibition of gastric acid and IF

A

GIP
Prostaglandins
Secretion
Somatostatin

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6
Q

Pepsin cell type secretion

A

Gastric chief cell

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7
Q

Role of pepsin

A

Protein digestion

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8
Q

Stimulation of pepsin

A

Vagus nerve
Low gastric pH

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9
Q

Inhibition of pepsin

A

High gastric pH
Somatostatin

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10
Q

Bicarbonate cell secretion

A

Mucosal cells (salivary glands, stomach, pancreas, duodenum)
Brunner glands

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11
Q

Stimulation of bicarbonate

A

Secretin

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12
Q

Cell type for gastrin

A

G cells (antrum of stomach, duodenum)

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13
Q

Function of gastrin

A

Increase gastric acid secretion
Increase gastric motility
Proliferation of gastric mucosa

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14
Q

Stimulation of gastrin

A

Vague nerve (via gastrin-releasing peptide and GRP released from presynaptic terminals of postganglionic fibers)
Aminoacids and peptides
Decreased acidity
Distension of stomach
Chronic PPI administration

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15
Q

Inhibition of gastrin

A

Somatostatin
Gastric pH < 1.5

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16
Q

Ghrelin cell type

A

P/D1 cells

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17
Q

Function of ghrelin

A

Increases appetite
Stimulates neuropeptide Y and growth hormone
Increases gastric motility

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18
Q

Histamine cell type

A

Enterochromaffin-like cells

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19
Q

Role of histamine

A

Increased gastric acid secretion

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20
Q

Stimulation of histamine

A

Gastrin

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21
Q

Inhibition of histamine

A

Somatostatin

22
Q

CCK cell type

A

I cells (duodenum, jejunum)

23
Q

Function of CCK

A

Increases contraction of gallbladder
Increases secretion of pancreatic enzyme
Increases relaxation of sphincter of Oddi
Decreases gastric emptying

24
Q

Stimulation of CCK

A

Postprandial state

25
Q

Inhibition of CCK

A

Somatostatin
Fasting

26
Q

Somatostatin cell type

A

D cells
Hypothalamus

27
Q

Somatostatin function

A

Inhibits GI secretions
- Decrease gastric acid
- Decrease gastrin
- Decrease pepsinogen
- Decrease CCK
- Decrease secretin
- Decrease pancreatic secretion
- Decrease gastric inhibitory polypeptide
Inhibits gallbladder contraction
Decreases motility of stomach and intestine
Splanchnic vasoconstriction
Decreased GH and TSH secretion

28
Q

Stimulation of somatostatin

A

Postprandial state

29
Q

Inhibition of somatostatin

A

Vague nerve

30
Q

Secretin cell type

A

S cells (duodenum)

31
Q

Secretin function

A

Increase secretion of bile
Increase pancreatic secretion of bicarbonate
Decrease secretion of gastric acid

32
Q

Stimulation of secretin

A

Postprandial

33
Q

Inhibition of secretin

A

Somatostatin

34
Q

GIP cell types

35
Q

GIP function

A

Increases insulin secretion
Decrease secretion of gastric acid

36
Q

Stimulation of GIP

A

Postprandial

37
Q

Inhibition of GIP

38
Q

Motilin cell type

39
Q

Function of motilin

A

Produces migratory motor complexes

40
Q

Stimulation of motilin

41
Q

Inhibition of motilin

A

Intake of food

42
Q

VIP cell release

A

Small intestine
Gallbladder
Parasympathetic neurons in sphincters
APUD cells of pancreas

43
Q

Function of VIP

A

Increase secretion of water and electrolytes
Increase relaxation of intestinal sphincters and smooth muscle

44
Q

Stimulation of VIP

A

Distension of stomach
Vagal stimulation

45
Q

Inhibition of VIP

A

Sympathetic activity

46
Q

NO cell type

A

Epithelial cells
Smooth muscle cells
Neural cells

47
Q

Function of NO

A

Relaxation of smooth muscle and sphincters
Improves circulation

48
Q

Ghrelin in Prader-Willi syndrome

49
Q

Ghrelin in gastric bypass surgery

50
Q

Elevated serum gastrin levels supportive of what?

A

Atrophic gastritis
ZES

51
Q

VIPoma manifestations

A

Watery diarrhoea
Hypokalaemia
Achlorhydria

BPT Flashcards (32 decks)

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