Immunology

Question 1

What do Th2 cells secrete?

Answer 1

Defence against Helminths
IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β

Question 2

What do Th1 cells secrete?

Answer 2

Defences against intracellular pathogens
IFN-y
TNF
Lymphotoxin

Question 3

What do Th17 cells secrete?

Answer 3

Defence against candida and staph
IL-17

Question 4

Which degraded proteins bind to MHC 1 molecules?

Answer 4

Intracellular proteins

Question 5

Which degraded proteins bind to MHC 2 molecules?

Answer 5

Extracellular proteins

Question 6

What PAMPs are expressed by gram negative bacteria?

Answer 6

Lipopolysaccharides

Question 7

What PAMPs are expressed by gram positive bacteria?

Answer 7

Lipoteichoic acid

Question 8

What PAMPs are expressed by viruses?

Answer 8

dsRNA

Question 9

What PAMPs are expressed by yeast?

Answer 9

Mannans

Question 10

What interaction leads to gram negative septic shock?

Answer 10

TLR-4 binding to lipopolysaccharides

Question 11

Examples of T cell immunodeficiencies

Answer 11

Hyper IgE
Idiopathic CD4 lymphopenia
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis

Question 12

Disorders of neutrophil phagocytic function

Answer 12

1) Chronic granulomatous disease
2) Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
3) Chediak-Higashi Syndrome
4) Neutrophil enzyme deficiency-G6PD,MPO

Question 13

Role of IL-1

Answer 13

IL-1 is produced by macrophage,monocytes and dendritic cells. It is critical for inflammatory response against infection. It also resets the hypothalamus thermoregulatory center causing fever.

Question 14

Which of the following member in the NOD-like receptor group is responsible for the acute inflammation seen in gout?

Answer 14

NALP3

Monosodium urate crystals(MSU) and Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate(CPPD) activates the NALP3 inflammasome. Caspase 1 is activated and IL-1β is released causing inflammation. Colchicine inhibits the microtubule formation thus preventing the activation of inflammasome.

Question 15

Antigen presenting cells

Answer 15

External antigen: dendritic cell,macrophage, B-cell (express MHC II)
Internal antigen: All MHC class I positive cells (express MHC I)

Question 16

How does the Herpes Simplex virus escapes from being recognized by the APC?

Answer 16

HSV- produces a TAP inhibitor protein -therefore prevents transport of peptides onto MHC

Question 17

How does the adenovirus escapes from being recognized by the APC?

Answer 17

Adenovirus produces a protein that anchors MHC in the ER -therefore prevent surface expression of MHC

Question 18

How does CMV escape from being recognised by APC?

Answer 18

CMV accelerates transport of peptides out of ER -therefore reduces their chances of binding to MHC