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Cancer Agents Flashcards

1
Q

MOA of olaparib

A

PARP inhibitor
Inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase → ↓ repair of single-strand DNA breaks

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2
Q

Complications associated with olaparib

A
  • Myelosuppression
  • Fluid retention and edema
  • GI toxicity (e.g., diarrhea)
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3
Q

Tamoxifen MOA and indications

A

ER/PR positive, pre-menopausal

Competitive estrogen antagonist of breast tissue
Agonist of estrogen receptors for bone tissue, endometrium and myometrium

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4
Q

Complications associated with tamoxifen

A
  • Hot flushes
  • Increased risk of endometrial Ca
  • Increased VTE
  • Increased risk of uterine sarcoma
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5
Q

Aromatase inhibitors MOA and indications

A

Letrozole, anastrozole
ER/PR positive, postmenopausal

Inhibits aromatase –> decreases conversion of androstendione to estrone, decrease conversion of testosterone to estrodiol –> decrease tumour growth

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6
Q

Aromatase inhibitors side effects

A

Hot flashes
Night sweats
Vaginal dryness
Increase risk of OP
Myalgias/arthralgias

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7
Q

MOA of raloxifene

A

Competitive estrogen antagonist for breast, endometrium and myometrium
Agonist of estrogen receptor in bone tissue  inhibition of osteoclasts

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8
Q

Side effects of raloxifene

A

Increased risk of VTE and cataracts
Hot flushes
Decrease risk of endometrial Ca and uterine sarcoma

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9
Q

Trastuzumab MOA

A

For all HER2 positive tumours

Humanised monoclonal antibody against HER2 tyrosine kinase receptor –> decrease HER2 initiated cellular signalling and increase antibody-dependent cytotoxicity –> decrease tumour growth

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10
Q

Trastuzumab side effects

A
  • Cardiotoxicity, dilated cardiomyopathy
  • GI symptoms
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11
Q

Bevacizumab MOA

A

Monoclonal antibody directed against vascular endothelial growth factor. In lung cancer, can be added to platinum-based chemotherapy in patients not treated with immunotherapy

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12
Q

Bevacizumab side effects

A

Increased risk of thrombosis, stroke, myocardial infarction, and hemoptysis

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13
Q

MTX MOA

A

Antifolate agent

Inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase –> decreases formation of pyrimidine nucleotides and purine nucleotides –> decrease DNA synthesis

Inhibits AICAR transformylase

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14
Q

MTX adverse effects

A

Myelosuppression, anaemia
Hepatotoxicity
Pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonitis
Mucositis
Megaloblastic anemia
Teratogenic
Neurotoxicity

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15
Q

Pemetrexid MOA

A

Antifolate agent

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16
Q

Pemetrexid adverse effects

A

Alopecia
Erythematous pruritic rash
Desquamation
Anaemia
Pharyngitis
GI symptoms

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17
Q

Cytarabine MOA

A

Pyrimidine antagonists

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18
Q

Cytarabine adverse effects

A

Myelosuppression
Megaloblastic anaemia
Hepatotoxicity
Pancreatitis
Respiratory distress
Neurotoxicity

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19
Q

5-FU and Capecitabine MOA

A

Pyrimidine antagonists
Capecitabine - prodrug for 5-FU

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20
Q

5-FU and Capecitabine adverse effects

A

Myelosuppression
Hand foot syndrome
Cardiotoxicity
GI symptoms
Hepatotoxicity
Hyperammonemic encephalopathy

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21
Q

Gemcitabine MOA

A

Pyrimidine antagonist

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22
Q

Gemcitabine adverse effects

A

Myelosuppression
Capillary leak syndrome
HUS
Hepatotoxicity

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23
Q

6-MP/Azathioprine MOA

A

Purine antagonists
Azathioprine is prodrug for 6-MP

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24
Q

6-MP/azathioprine adverse effects

A

Myelosuppression
GI symptoms
Hepatotoxicity
Secondary malignancy

Increased SE with allopurinol and/or febuxostat

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25
Fludarabine and cladribine MOA
Purine antagonist Cladribine --> Hairy cell leukaemia Fludarabien --> CLL, low grade lymphomas
26
Fludarabine adverse effects
Autoimmune effects Myelosuppression Neurotoxicity
27
Cladribine adverse effects
Myelosuppression Headache Nephro/neuro/cardio/hepatotoxicity
28
Hydroxyurea MOA
Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors Increases production of HbF
29
Hydroxyurea adverse effects
Myelosuppression Macrocytosis Megaloblastic anaemia Secondary malignancy Birth defects Pulmonary toxicity
30
MOA of Cyclophosphamide Ifosfamide Chlorambucil Melphalan Temozolomide
Ankylation of DNA/RNA --> reduced DNA replication
31
Cyclophosphamide and Ifosfamide adverse effects
Bladder toxicity - haemorrhagic cystitis, bladder carcinoma Myelosuppression SIADH Pulmonary toxicity Cardiac toxicity Infertility Ifosfamide --> Fanconi, neurotoxicity
32
Chlorambucil adverse effects
Myelosuppression Oral ulcerations GI symptoms Pulmonary fibrosis Infertility
33
Melphalan adverse effects
Myelosuppression Pulmonary toxicity Hypokalaemia Peripheral oedema Secondary leukaemia
34
Temozolomide adverse effects
Myelosuppression Neurotoxicity PJP
35
Busulfan MOA
Cross-links between DNA strands --> reduced DNA replication
36
Busulfan adverse effects
Severe myelosuppression Pulmonary fibrosis Hyperpigmentation Electrolyte imbalance Cardio/hepato/neurotoxicity
37
MOA of Cisplatin Carboplatin Oxaliplatin
Platinum based agents Cross-links between DNA strands --> reduced DNA replication
38
Platinum based agents adverse effects
Myelosuppression Nephrotoxicity - Fanconi syndrome Neurotoxicity Ototoxicity Chemo induced N+V
39
Irinotecan/topotecan MOA
Topoisomerase I inhibitors
40
Topoisomerase I inhibitor (irinotecan/topotecan) adverse effects
Myelosuppression GI symptoms Cholinergic syndrome Alopecia Irinotecan - pulmonary toxicity
41
Etoposide MOA
Topoisomerase II inhibitors
42
Etoposide adverse effects
Myelosuppression Alopecia Hypotension Mucositis
43
Vincristine and vinblastine MOA
Vinca alkaloids - binds and inhibition of B-tubulin --> mitotic arrest in M phase
44
Vincristine adverse effects
Neurotoxicity Paralytic ileus, constipation Extravasation Acute bronchospasm Uric acid nephropathy
45
Vinblastine adverse effects
Myelosuppression Extravasation Pulmonary toxicity
46
MOA of Docetaxel Paclitaxel
Hyperstabilisation of polymerised microtubules --> mitotic arrest
47
Docetaxel and paclitaxel adverse effects
Myelosuppression Neuropathy Hepatotoxicity Hypersensitivity reactions Nail changes Fluid retention
48
Bleomycin MOA
Induces formation of free radicals --> breakage of DNA strand --> cell cycle arrest of G2 and M phase
49
Bleomycin adverse effects
Bleomycin induced lung injury - Pulmonary fibrosis - Bronchiolitis obliterans - Aucte pnuemonitis Hyperpigmentation of skin Minimal myelosuppression Mucositis Alopecia
50
MOA of Doxorubicin Daunorubicin Idarubicin
Anthracyclines Inhibitors topoisomerase II
51
Anthracycle adverse effects
Anthracycline induced cardiotoxicity - Dilated cardiomyopathy with systolic CHF - Dose dependent Myelosuppression Alopecia Urine discolouration Extravasation Infertility
52
MOA of Erlotinib Afatinib Osimertinib
EGFR TKI Inhibits HER1/EGFR tyrosine kinase
53
EGFR TKI adverse effects
Dermatologic toxicity Fatigue GI toxicity Hepatotoxicity Ocular toxicity Nephrotoxicity
54
MOA of Sunitinib Sorafenib Pazopanib
VEGFR TKI Inhibition of VEGF tyrosine kinase
55
VEGFR TKI adverse effects
GI toxicity Dermatologic toxicity - rash, hand foot syndrome Cardiac toxicity Fatigue Thyroid toxicity
56
MOA of Alectinib Crizotinib
ALK TKI Inhibition of anaplastic lymphoma kinase
57
Alectinib and crizotinib adverse effects
GI toxicity Fluid retention and oedema Dermatologic toxicity Ocular/neuro/hepatotoxicity
58
Dabrafenib and encorafenib MOA
V600E mutated-BRAF oncogene inhibitors
59
BRAF V600E inhibitors adverse effects
General - Dermatologic toxicity - GI toxicity - Fatigue - QT prolongation Cardiomyopathy Febrile reactions Hyperglycaemia VTE
60
Trametinib MOA
MEK inhibitor Inhibits MAPK signalling pathway
61
Trametinib adverse effects
Hepatotoxicity Dermatologic toxicity GI toxicity
62
Palbociclib MOA
CDK inhibitor Inhibits CDK 4 and 6
63
Palbociclib adverse effects
Myelosuppression Pulmonary toxicity

BPT Flashcards (32 decks)

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