Pharmacokinetics (Intro slideshow) Flashcards
tincture/elixir
alcohol based
where does a drug administered bucco-gingically dissolve
between the gums and the cheek
name 4 locations for central venous catheters
jugular vein
subclavian vein
femoral vein
PICC line
when taking medicine orally, what organs is the drug exposed to before systemic circulation
stomach
intestine
liver
the international nonproprietary name is also known as
the generic name
sublingual or buccal routes of administration has the drugs drain directly into what vein
the superior vena cava
emulsions
mix of oil/water
why should some tablets not be split or crushed
they could be enteric coated
they could be meant for slow release
why are IVs a risky route of administration
inc risk of toxicity
infection risk
phlebitis
extravascular adminsitration
air embolism
if a drug is significantly destroyed by enzymes from the brush border membrane, what would you call that?
a first pass intestinal metabolism
name some examples of biologic drugs
viral/bacterial vaxes
blood/blood products
cells/tissues/organs
what is the onset of action
the time between the administration and when the conc meets the minimum effective concentration
what is Tmax
the time it takes to get to the maximum concentration
what are the 4 routes of administration
applying drugs on a surface
inhalation
enteral
Parental
how long are drugs patent protected for in canada
20 years
what are two kinds of administration for applying drugs on a surface
topical administration
transdermal administration
what are the 3 kinds of drugs according to the FDA
natural health product
biologic
pharmaceutical
name 4 sources of drugs
natural preparations
purified compounds
derivatives of natural products
synthetic compounds
what are biologic drugs
drugs coming from living organisms or their cells
what is the duration of a drug
the time that the concentration of the drug is in the therapeutic range
what are adverse reactions
unwanted side effects of a medication
when would intraosseous administration be used
resuscitation of critically ill patients if peripheral IVs cannot be establised
what are transdermal administrations good for
having a low amount of drugs over a really long period of time
what are innovator drugs
brand-name drug that is the first version of a medicine to be sold to patients
the trade name is also known as the
brand name
what 4 things does the FDA cover
drugs
food
devices
cosmetics
where are PICC lines inserted
peripheral upper arm
what are some complications of intraosseous administration
extravasation
infection
fracture
why can accidental extravascular administration be dangerous
build of fluid in tissues can compress and cut off BVs - cause pain and a lack of circulation
enteral
anything that has to do with your GI tract
what is phlebitis
inflammation of a vein
when would someone need to take a drug rectally
if having issues with:
vomiting
nausea
conciousness
OR to deal with rectal issues (ie hemorrhoids)
reference products are also known as
innovator drugs
what are the two main uses of intra-arterial injections
chemotherapeutic agents
blood clot lysis
what are the only two routes of administration that do NOT go to the heart right away
oral
inhalation
what is pharmacokinetics
what the body does to the drug
(ADME)
name some examples of topical administrations
skin creams
ointments
nasal sprays
vaginal applications
eye drops
difference between a cream and an ointment
ointment - meant to stay on the skin
cream - meant to absorb into the skin
suspensions
insoluble matter in water
what is an advantage of intravenous administration
most direct route
why should you mix suspensions well
to ensure the insoluble matter is evenly distributed in the liquid
what is a first pass metabolism
drug gets significantly transformed/destroyed on the way in
generic name is also known as
the international nonproprietary name
what does logos mean
for word or discourse
name some examples of natural health products
vitamins
mineral supplements
herbal products
what does pharmakon mean
a magical substance, treatment or poison
what kind of scientists extracted and purified natural materials
chemists
what are excipients
non-active ingredients in a tablet/capsule
what type of scientists screened natural materials for therapeutic effects
botanists
what is the most common route of administration
p.o
oral
what are natural preparations (as a drug source)
the plant in it’s natural state
What is the therapeutic range
the range between the minimum effective concentration and toxic concentration
what route of administration requires absorption
extravascular
what are therapeutic effects
the primary actions of a drug
drugs taken sublingually are absorbed through the:
oral mucosa
name some examples of transdermal administration
nicotine
nitroglycerine
hormone treatments
what are the three kinds of names for a drug
chemical name
generic name (aka international nonproprietary name)
brand name (aka trade name)
innovator drugs are also known as
reference products
what is intraosseous administration
a technique in which the bone marrow cavity is used as a non-collapsible vascular entry point
what is pharmacodynamics
what the drug does to the body
what does PICC stand for
peripherally inserted central catheter
what is the only route of administration that passed through the liver before general circulation
oral
the brand name is also known as
the trade name
