Endo :D Flashcards
name some regular insulins
regular
toronto
how long does it take to see the maximal effect of levothyroxine
4-6 weeks
what are some symptoms of hyperthyroidism
tachycardia
angina
tremor
nervousness
insomnia
hyperthermia
inc intestinal motility and sweating
what accounts for 90% of glucose reabsorption in the kidney
SGLT-2 inhibitor
name a biguanides
metformin
what kind of drug is sitagliptin
DPP-4 inhibitor
what does metformin do
dec gluconeogenesis
inc uptake of glucose
what type of drug is ezetimibe
cholesterol absorption inhibitor
name an adverse effect of PCSK9 inhibitors
injection site reactions
should you use HMG-CoA reductase inibiotrs when pregnatn
no, but idk why
what do DPP-4 inhibitors do
inc incretin levels by inhibiting DPP
name some adverse effects of insulin
hypoglycemia
lipohypertrophy
how do methimazole and propylthiouracil work
inhibits iodination and coupling of tyrosine precursors bound to thyroglobulin
name 4 drugs used to lower lipid levels
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
PCSK9 inhibitors
Chloesterol absorption inhibitor
Bile acid sequestrants
what do PCSK9 inhibitors do
inhibit PCSK9 and decrease LDL levels
Name the rapid insulins
lispro
aspart
glulisine
name some DPP-4 inhibitors
sitagliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin
name a bile acid sequestrant
cholestyramine
how do bile acid sequesterants lower cholesterol
they promote excretion of bile acids and the body uses cholesterol to replace the lost acids
name some AE of propylthiouracil
liver injury
rash
arthralgia
hypothyroidism
agranulocytosis
what do incretins do
increase release of insulin
name a cholesterol absorption inhibitor
ezetimibe
methimazole and propylthiouracil are what types of drugs
drugs for hyperthyroidism
what is myositis
muscle inflammation
(pain plus elevated CK (less than 10x normal)
name the long insulins
detemir
glargine
name 2 GLP-1 receptor agonists
liraglutide
semaglutide
name some HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
statins :)
atorvastatin
rosuvastatin
name 6 types of anti-hyperglycemic drugs
sulfonylureas
biguanides
glitazones
GLP-1 receptor agonists
dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors
SGLT-2 inhibitors
name an adverse effect of bile acid sequesterants
constipation
name two drugs for hyperthyroidism
methimazole
propylthiouracil
name some adverse effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
GI disturbances
elevation of liver enzyme tests
myopathies (myalgia, myosistis, rhabdomyolysis)
name a glitazone
rosiglitazone
what are the three principal actions of thyroid hormones
stimulation of energy use
stimulation of the heart
promotion of growth and development
what does PCSK9 do
it binds to LDL receptors and destroys them, preventing LDL from being taken up from the blood
name some AE of methimazole
rash
arthralgia
hypothyroidism
agranulocytosis
gliclazide
glyburide are what kind of drugs
sulfonylureas
liraglutide and semaglutide are what kinds of drugs
GLP-1s
name the intermediate insulin
nph
what do glitazones do
dec insulin resistance
name some adverse effects of SGLT2 inhibitors
fungal infections
polyuria
hypotension
euglyemic diabetic ketoacidosis
what is mylagia
muscle pain with normal CK plasma levels
what drug has an enterogastrone effect
GLP1 agonists
what do drugs for hyperthyroidism do
reduce syntehsis or release of thyroid hormones
name a drug for hypothyroidism
levothyroxine
what do GLP-1 agonists do
inc effect of GLP-1 and inc glucose-dependant release of insulin
name some PCSK9 inhibitors
evolocumab
alirocumab
what kind of drug is cholestyramine
bile acid sequestrant
rhabdomyolysis
muscle pain and CK over 10times normal
elevated myoglobin
what are bile acid sequestrants
nonabsorable resin that binds to bile acids
what kind of drug is metformin
biguanides
what do cholesterol absorption inhibitors do
blocks absorption of cholesterol from intestine
whats an adverse effect of rosiglitazone
retention of fluid
HF
what is the half life of levothyroxine
7 days
what do dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors do
inactivates incretin hormones
how do sulfonylureas work
promote inuslin secretion by the pancreas
name 2 sulfonylureas
gliclazide
glyburide
what does propylthiouracil do
inhibits peripheral activation of T4 to T3
what kind of drug is rosiglitazone
glitazone
name some adverse effects of GLP-1 agonists
decreased appetite
thyroid cancer risk
name some SGLT-2 inhibitors
canagliflozin
empagliflozin
dapaglifozin
evolocumab and alirocumab are what kinds of drugs
PCSK9 inhibitors
