ANS pt 1 - slide 15-30 Flashcards
what is the net effect of latrotoxin
sudden inc in released ACh (due to displacement) - then a complete inhibition of ACH release leading to muscle paralysis
what does hemicholinium do
inhibits choline reuptake from the synapse
name the steps of adrenaline synthesis
Tyrosine
DOPA
Dopamine
Noradrenaline
Adrenaline
does amphetamine increase or decrease sympathetic effects
increases (its a sympathomimetic)
How does drugs such as alpha-methyl tyrosine and alpha-methyl DOPA work?
Inhibits the creation of DOPA from Tyrosine
what are the two mechanisms of action of amphetamine
1) displaces stored NE from vesicles
2) drives released NE into synapse through reversal of the NA reuptake transport system
what enzyme destroys NE when it is outside of the neurons
COMT
catechol-O-methyltransferase
what is atropine
a cholinergic receptor antagonist
what is the net effect of hemicholinium
decreased synthesis of ACh due to decreased choline
what is the effect of prevention of NE release
decreased NE release, decreased sympathetic effects
name an example of a drug that inhibits enzymatic NE breakdown
pargyline (MAO inhibitors)
what is another word for adrenaline
epinephrine
what is the net effect of a MAO inhibitor
inc sympathetic effects
name a drug that inhibits enzymatic breakdown of ACh
anti-cholinesterases such as neostigmine
nerve gases
what does pargyline do
its a MAO inhibitor, inhibits NE from getting broken down
what is another word for epinephrine
adrenaline
what is an example of a drug that displaces ACh from vesicles
latrotoxin (black widow venom)
what is the result of an adrenergic receptor agonists
stimulates beta 1 adrenergic receptors selectively (inc sympathetic effect)
what is VMA (vanillyl mandelic acid)
the metabolite found in urine when NE is released in the peripheral system
When NE is released in the central NS, what is the metabolite you’d find in urine
MOPEG
3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol
what net effect does cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants have on the body
increased sympathetic effects
name an example of an adrenergic receptor antagonist
metoprolol
what is the effect of inhibition of NE storage in neurons
decreased release of NE, decreased sympathetic effects
what part of adrenergic neurotransmission does reserpine effect
inhibits NE storage
what part of adrenergic neurotransmission does amphetamines effect
they displace NE from vesicles
what part of adrenergic neurotransmission does guanethidine effect
it prevents NE release
what is an example of an cholinergic receptor antagonist
atropine
ACh is made up of what two parts
Choline
Acetyl-CoA
what enzyme is responsible for making ACh
ChAT
choline acetyl transferase
When NE is released in the peripheral NS, what is the metabolite you’d find in urine
VMA
vanillyl mandelic acid
what is muscarine
a cholinergic receptor agonist
what is the net effect of botulinum toxin
decreased ACh release and muscle paralysis
name an example of a cholinergic receptor agonist
muscarine
what is a drug that prevents ACh release
botulinum toxin
what enzyme breaks down ACh
Acetylcholinesterase
what part of adrenergic neurotransmission does cocaine and tricyclic antidepressants effect
they inhibit NE reuptake from the synapse
is noradrenaline the same as adrenaline?
nope
what is the net effect of atropine
blocks muscarinic cholinergic receptors
what does botulinum toxin do
inhibits ACh release
what do anti-cholinesterases, nerve gases and neostigmine do
inhibit enzymatic breakdown of ACh (inhibits AChE
alpha-methyl tyrosine and alpha-methyl DOPA are examples of what kind of drug
drugs that interfere with synthesis of NE
what kind of drugs displace NE from vesicles
amphetamines and derivatives
what is the net effect of muscarine
stimulates muscarinic cholinergic receptors
name some examples of drugs that inhibit NE reuptake from the synapse
cocaine
tricyclic antidepressants
name an example of an adrenergic receptor agonists
dobutamine
what does vesamicol do
inhibits ACh storage
alpha and beta are what kind of receptors
adrenergic
what is the net effect of anti-cholinesterases such as neostigmine and nerve gases
increased ACh levels
what is an example of a drug that inhibits ACh storage in the neuron
vesamicol
what does latrotoxin do
displaces ACh from vesicles
what are the two kinds of ACh receptors
nicotinic
muscarinic
what is a drug that inhibits choline reuptake
hemicholinium
what kind of drug is dobutamine
adrenergic receptor agonist
what is another word for noradrenaline
norepinephrine
how does ACh stop acting on receptors
it is destroyed by acetylcholinesterase
what is an example of a drug that inhibits NE storage
guanethidine
How does NE stop acting on receptors?
It is reuptaken by the cells
what enzyme deactivates NE in the presynaptic cell
MAO
^monoamine oxidase
what part of ACh is reuptaken by the neuron
choline
what is the net effect of vesamicol
decreased release of ACh (since less is stored in vesicles)
what is another word for norepinephrine
noradrenaline
what kind of drug is metoprolol
adrenergic receptor antagonist
what is the result of an adrenergic receptor antagonists
bocks beta 1 adrenergic receptors selectively
(dec sympathetic effect)
what is an example of a drug that inhibits NE storage
reserpine
what is MOPEG
(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol)
the metabolite found in urine when NE is released in the central NS
