Cardiac pt 1 - NO REVIEW QUESTIONS YET Flashcards
what is the half life for nitroglycerin
2mins
name a phenylakylamine
verapamil
amlodipine and nifedipine are examples of what
dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers
what is the half life for isosorbide mononitrate
45 mins
does angII affect afterload or preload
afterload
what is the tmax for isosorbide mononitrate
1hr
does aldosterone affect afterload or preload
preload
what does it mean to have intrinsic sympathomimetic activity
when beta antagonists demonstrate low levels of receptor stimulating activity
what is Acebutolol’s ISA
1+
what are the uses for nitrates
angina
heart failure
hypertension (acute cases)
why does propranolol have more effects on the central nervous system
it can cross the blood-brain barrier
what is the route for isosorbide mononitrate
po
what oes dromotrope refer to
conduction velocity
what is the main mechanism of action of nitrates
vasodilation! yippee
what does chronotrope refer to
heart rate
what are the 3 sub-classes of calcium channel blockers
dihydropyridines
non-dihydropyridines:
benzothiazepines
phenylalkylamines
what are some general adverse
effects of beta blockers
fatigue
nightmares
sexual dysfunction
do calcium channel blockers affect afterload or preload
afterload
name a benzothiazepine
diltiazen
name two dihydropyridines
amlodipine
nifedipine
what beta blocker can be used to treat hypertension in pregnant patients
labetalol
how do drugs with low lipid solubility tend to be eliminated
via the renal route
what drug decreases renin release by juxtaglomerular cells
beta blockers
name 5 non-cardioselective antagonists
propranolol
timolol
pindolol
labetalol
carvedilol
name 5 adverse effects of calcium channel blockers
headaches
edema in lower limbs
flushing
orthostatic hypotension
constipation (verapamil)
do calcium channel blockers affect preload
nope
name some adverse effects of B1 antagonists
bradycardia
atrio-ventricular block risks
HF
hypotension
what type of calcium channel blocker mainly causes cardiac effects
non dihydropyridines
name two vascular effects of calcium channel blockers
arterial vasodilation = reduced blood pressure
coronary artery vasodilation = reduction of vasospasms
how do lower levels of aldosterone reduce preload
via lowered blood volume due to inc sodium and water excretion
name two cardiac effects caused by calcium channel blockers
negative inotropic effect
dec HR
do beta blockers demonstrate positive or negative chronotropic, inotropic and dromotropic effects on the heart
negative
what does inotrope refer to
force of contraction
name some uses of beta blockers
angina
HTN
arrythmias
HF
migranes
anxiety
hyperthyroidism
describe the metabolism for isosorbide mononitrate
it is an active metabolite (ie the product of a prodrug)
what are nitrates derived from
nitroglycerin
name 4 adverse effects of nitrates
orthostatic hypotension
frequent headaches
reflex tachycardia (high doses)
tachyphylaxis (tolerance)
diltiazem is an example of what
benzothiazepine
what are the 3 classes of anti-anginal drugs
Nitrates
Beta blockers
Calcium channel blocker
describe the metabolism for nitroglycerin
it has a significant 1st pass hepatic effect
what is the Tmax for nitroglycerin
30 seconds
name 4 additional effets of non specific beta blockers
bronchoconstriction
mask symptoms of hypoglycemia+reduce release of glucose
inc in peripheral resistance
inhibit lipolysis
name 3 therapeutic uses of calcium channel blockers
angina
hypertension
arrhythmias (non dihydropyridines)
how do lower levels of AngII decrease afterload
via decreased vasoconstriction
what are the different routes for nitroglycerin
sublingual
transdermal
topical
injectable
oral
what calcium channel blocker mainly causes vascular effects
amlodipine
what is a positive about taking nitroglycerin sublingually
bypasses the 1st pass hepatic metabolism AND rapid absorption of drug
verapamil is an example of what
a phenylalkylamine
