Cardiac pt 2 Flashcards
name 3 alpha 1 adrenergic antagonists
prazosin
terazosin
doxazosin
where on the nephron do loop diuretics affect
ascending limb (thick)
what can toxicity of sodium nitroprusside lead to
cyanide poisoning
what are arterial vasodilators used for
hypertensive emergencies
what diuretic acts on the distal convoluted tubule + collecting duct
potassium-sparing
name 3 adverse effects of clonidine
sedation
dry mouth
depression
what diuretic acts on the distal convoluted tubule
thiazide
what is the use for clonidine
refractory hypertension
name a non-specific adrenergic antagonist
labetalol
what is the onset of action for potassium-sparing diuretics
24-48 hours
describe the effect and duration of thiazide diuretics
prolonged duration of action
more moderate effects
when is ototoxicity more likely with loop diuretics
when theyre used with aminoglycosides
name some adverse effects of alpha 1 antagonists
orthostatic hypotension
dizziness
reflex tachycardia
Na and water retention
fatigue
name 3 ACE inhibitors
ramipril
perindopril
enalapril
name 4 physiological effects of ACE inhibitors
vasodilation (red BP)
dec Na and water retention
dec vascular remodelling
dec cardiac remodelling
name two potassium sparing duretics
spironolactone
eplernone
name an example of a loop diuretic
furosemide
what is the first line treatment of adults without other compelling indications
DAACB
thiazide, ACEIs, ARBs, CCHB, Beta blockers
name some adverse effects of potassium-sparing diuretics
hyperkalemia
gynecomastia
menstrual irregularities
decreased libido
name 2 arterial vasodilators
hydralazine
minoxidil
what are mixed vasodilators used for
hypertensive emergencies
how does clonidine work
stimulates negative feedback on NA release
what is the formula for MAP
1/3 DBP + Pulse Pressure
where on the nephrondo potassium sparing diuertics affect
collecting duct
losartan
irbesartan
valsartan are examples of what
AngII receptor blockers
wy can thiazide diuretics be useful in the treatment of kidney stones
because they cause less excretion of calcium
what is a-methyldopa used to treat
HTN in pregnant women
name 2 uses of diuretics
treat HTN
relieve symptoms of congestion from HF
ramipril
perindopril
enalapril are all examples of what
ACE inhibitors
name some adverse effects of thiazide diuretics
low Na, K
inc plasma uric acid, glucose and lipids
what are natriuretics
a drug that increases urinary elimination of sodium
describe the onset and intensity of loop diuretics
rapid onset
intense effect
what type of diuretics act on the ascending limb of the nephron
loop diuretics
besides hypertension, what else are alpha 1 antagonists used to treat
benigh prostatic hyperplasia
enlarge prostate
(improves urination by dilating ureters and internal urinary sphincter)
name some adverse effects of loop diuretics
volume depletion
hypotension
low K, Mg, Ca
inc uric acid
inc plasma lipids
ototoxicity
what is clonidine
alpha 2 agonist
what hormone does ACE inhibitors prevent the formation of
AngII
almost all ACE inhibitors are eliminated by:
the kidney
what converts AngI to AngII
angiotensin converting enzyme
what do alpha 1 antagonists do
reduce peripheral vasoconstriction
increased levels of bradykinin can cause what
angioedema
dry cough
how do thiazide diuretics work
they block teh Na/Cl co-transporter
almost all diuretics are ____
natriuretics
where on the nephron does thiazide diuretics affect
distal convoluted tubule
what are two functions of ACE
convert AngI to AngII
break down bradykinin
why are vasodilators often combined with beta-blockers and diuretics
because they tend to inc HR and cause water and sodium retention
(as the body compensates)
what ACE inhibitor is more likely to cause a dry cough
captopril
name 3 adverse effects that are specific to spironolactone
gynecomastia
menstrual irregularities
decreased libido
what are the 5 types of antihypertensives
A: ACE inhibitors/AngII receptor blockers
B: Beta-Blockers
C:Calcium channel blockers
D: Diuretics
V: Vasodilators
name 3 AngII receptor blockers
losartan
irbesartan
valsartan
what receptors does a-methyl-NA stimulate
a2
where is aldosterone released from
adrenal glands
what is the hypotensive effect of diuretics due to
increase of the volume of diuresis
what is the one class of diuretics that is NOT a natriuretic
osmotic diuretics
what adrenergic receptors does labetalol inhibit
alpha 1
beta receptors
what does Aldosterone do
causes secretion of K
causes retention of Na
what kind of drug is sodium nitroprusside
mixed vasodilator
what are the 5 different classes of diuretics
osmotic diuretics
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
loop diuretics
thiazide diuretics
potassium-sparing diuretics
what are ACE inhibitors used for
treatment of high BP
chronic HF
name 4 adverse effects of ACE inhibitors
hypotension
dry cough
angioedema
hyperkalemia risk
why are some potassium-sparing diuretics also named mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists?
because they also block the effect of aldosterone
what stimulates the release of aldosterone
AngII
name 3 thiazide or thiazide-like diuretics
hydrochlorothiazide
indapamide
chlorthalidone
describe the onset of sodium nitroprusside
rapid
how do loop diuretics work
they block Na, K and Cl transporter
name a mixed vasodilator
sodium nitroprusside
