CNS 1-28 Flashcards
what does an inc of Cl- do in the body
hyperpolarizes a neuron
anti-histaminic effects due to tricyclic antidepressants can lead to what adverse effects
weight gain
fatigue
what type of anxiety disorder would antidepressants be used to treat
panic disorders
what does selegiline do
increases DA levels
name some SSRIs
fluoxetine
citalopram
escitalopram
paroxetine
sertraline
what is tyramine
a natural NA displacer
barbituates are more useful for what as opposed to treating anxiety
powerful sedative
name some adverse effects of benzodiazepines
drowsiness
atazia
drug accumulation
danger when combined w alcohol
anterograde anmesia
tolerance
dependance
withdrawl symptoms
name 2 MAOIs
phenelzine
pargyline
what does GABA do in the body
inc opening on a Cl- channel
what is a non-benzodiazepines anxiolytic
an anxiolytic drug that acts on GABAa receptors but does not share the same chemical structure of benzodiazepines
does buspirone act quickly
not really
name an MAO-B inhibitor
selegiline
what is selegiline used to treat
parkinsons
what drug when interacting with MAOIs can cause malignant hyperthermia
meperidine
what are non-benzodiazepines used for
treatment of insomnia
how does buspirone work
it decreases the release of serotonin
anti-muscarinic effects due to tricyclic antidepressants can lead to what adverse effects
constipation
blurred vision
xerostomia
fatigue
what is the chemical name for serotonin
5-hydroxytryptamine
what is a reversible MAOa inhibitors
moclobemide
zopiclone
zolpidem are examples of what kind of drugs
what is a non-benzodiazepines anxiolytic
name 2 side effects of buspirone
dizziness
lightheadedness
what is propranolol used to treat in terms of anxiety
social phobia
performance anxiety
anxiety related to memories of stressful events
what type of drug enhance the effect of GABA on GABA-A receptors
benxodiazepines
name 2 tricyclic antidepressants
amitriptyline
imipramine
where are serontonin receptors found
CNS
BVs
SM
platelets
GI tract
what is a use of zopiclone and zolpidem
treatment of insomnia
How are MAO and tyramine related
MAO destroys tyramine, blocking MAO can lead to inc tyramine, leading to inc NA
what is an adverse of flumazenil
it can trigger seizures
describe the half-life of tricyclic antidepressants
very long because theyre so lipid soluble and can be slowly released from adipose tissue
why can SSRIs be more popular than tricyclic antidepressants
do not have the same adverse effect profile
amitriptyline
imipramine are examples of what kind of drugs
tricyclic antidepressants
anti-adrenergic effects due to tricyclic antidepressants can lead to what adverse effects
hypotension
dizziness
what drug is found in the brain that acts on GABA receptors
gamma hydroxybutyrate
what drug often contains toxic residues from their chemical synthesis
GHB
gamma hydroxybutyrate
name the 4 types of drugs used to treat anxiety
anxiolytics
sedative hypnotics
sypathetic system blockers
antidepressants
name 2 sympathetic system blockers
propranolol
clonidine
how does moclobemide help effects associated w tyramine
releases MAO from inhibiton if NA levels are too high
name two non-benzodiazepines anxiolytics
zopiclone
zolpidem
what is buspirone
an anxiolytic
name 3 symptoms reduced by adrenergic anxiolytics
anxiety
tachycardia
dilated pupils
tremor
name some adverse effects of SSRIs
anorexia
insomnia
sexual dysfunction
anxiety
what type of drug is selegiline
MAO-B inhibitor
NA and 5HT are preferentially degrated by what
MAO-A
if you combine GHB or flunitrazepam with alcohol, what are some of the effects it can cause
fainting,
anterograde amnesia, respiratory depression, bradycardia,
hypotension
what is an antidote for benzodiazepines
flumazenil
name a type of sedative hypnotics
barbiturates
name 3 benzodiazepines
lorazepam
clonazepam
diazepam
phenelzine
pargyline are examples of what kind of drug
MAOIs
fluoxetine
citalopram
escitalopram
paroxetine
sertraline are examples of what kind of drugs
SSRIs
name some adverse effects of barbituates
lethargy
CV/resp depression
induction of CYP enzymes
interaction w alcohol inc harmful effects
most antidepressants aim to do what
increase levels of 5HT and NA
name 4 types of antidepressants
MAOIs
tricyclic antidepressants
selective 5HT reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
5HT+NA reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
what anxiolytic is not particularily effective at reducing anxiety on the emotional level
clonidine (alpha 2 agonist)
what hormone is degraded equally by MAO-A and MAO-B
DA
what is flumazenil used for
its an antidote for benzodiazepines
name 3 benefits of using buspirone
less sedative
fewer interactions with alcohol
less abuse than benzos
why can tricyclic antidepressants be dangerous
they have a narrow TI
name some adverse effects of MAOIs
HTN crisis
interactions w other NA elevating drugs
interaction with meperidine can produce malignant hyperthermia
state the process of serotonin synthesis
tryptophan
5-hydroxytryptophan
5-hydroxytryptamine
what are some benefits of using non benzodiazepam anxiolytics
fewer adverse effects affecting coordination and memory
shorter duration
shorter onset of action
what is the most abundant inhibitory neurotransmittor in the brain
GABA
name 3 clinical uses of benzodiazepines
sedation
reduce anxiety
muscle relaxation
what drug is 10x more potent than diazepam
flunitrazepam
what are the three types of effects that tricyclic antidepressants demonstrate
anti-histaminic
anti-muscarinic
anti-adrenergic
name 3 types of anxiolytics
benzodiazepines
non benzodiazepines
buspirone
