Anti-inflammatory drugs Flashcards
what kind of drug is celecoxib
cox2 inhibitor
name a cox2 inhibitor
celecoxib
what are the uses of opioids
short-term severe pain
long term pain management
name some things that can occur due to overdose of aspirin
tinnitus
metabolic acidosis +compensatory hyperventilation
Reye’s syndrome
fluticasone
mometasone
budesonide are what kinds of drugs
glucocorticoids used in the treatment of chronic resp inflammation
what stages of pain perception do local anasthetics reduce
transmission of pain to the spinal cord
name some clinical uses of local anaesthetics
local infiltration
regional block
epidural anesthesia
describe 2 uses of methadone
reduce withdrawal symptoms of opioids
eliminate euphoria due to heroin
how is benzocaine administered
topically
describe asprin’s effect on cox
non-selective
irreversible inhibitor
describe tylenol 1-4
Tylenol #1: 300 mg acetaminophen + 8 mg codeine + 15 mg caffeine
Tylenol #2: 300 mg acetaminophen + 15 mg codeine + 15 mg caffeine
Tylenol #3: 300 mg acetaminophen + 30 mg codeine + 15 mg caffeine
Tylenol #4: 300 mg acetaminophen + 60 mg codeine + 15 mg caffeine
name the main uses of ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac
anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects (less antipyretic and antiplatelets)
what kind of drug is aspirin
an NSAID
what opioid analgesic is used as an antidiarrheal
loperamide
how is fentanyl adminsitered
transdermally
how do local anesthetics work
stop axonal conduction by blocking voltage-sensitive Na channels
what are the 3 stages of pain perception
detection of pain
transmission of pain to spinal cord
transmission of pain to the brain
what are some examples of modified cortisol
prednisone
betamethasone
what are some AE at low doses of local anesthetics
CNS excitability (seizures)
how is hydromorphone administered
po, sc, im, iv
what stage of pain perception do NSAIDs reduce
detection of pain
what does cox2 produce
harmful prostaglandins
prostaglandins that improve kidney function and reduce thrombosis risk
what drug is often combined with tylenol to make tylenol 1-4
caffeine and codeine
name some glucocorticoids used for chronic resp inflammation
fluticasone
mometasone
budesonide
what is an AE of benzocaine
inc levels of methemoglobin that dec oxygen carrying capacity of blood
what is the bioavailability of morphine
.35
is codeine a stronger or weaker analgesic
weaker
what releases histamine
mast cells
what is histamine release triggered by
interactions between an allergen and mast cell IgE antibodies
prednisone
betamethasone are examples of what kind of drug
modified cortisol
name a leukotriene antagonist
montelukast
what are some adverse effects of antihistamines
sedation
xerostomia
what is tiotropium
long acting muscarinic antagonist
name a glucocorticoids
cortisol
what is the drug version of cortisol
hydrocortisone
how is methadone adminsited
po
what is montelukast used for
treatment of chronic resp infection
how is meperidine administered
parentally
what stage of pain perception do opioids reduce
transmission of pain to the brain
describe the half life of methadone
very long - 1-2 days
name two combinations to treat asthma
budesonide and formoterol
flutoicasone and salmeterol
what things does histamine cause
bronchoconstriction
vasodilation
inc vascular permeability
rhinitis
rhinorrhea
name some adverse effects of morphine
drowsiness/mental clouding
nausea/vomiting
constipation
miosis
hypotension
pruritis
resp depression
tolerance
why can cortisol have aldosterone-like effects
because it’s structure greatly resembles that of aldosterone
what are some clinical uses of prednisone and bethamethasone
suppress immune response
resp dieseases, autoimmune diseases, IBD
treat dermatological conditions
boost fetal lung maturation
adjuct to chemo
name some AE of other NSAIDs
GI irritation/ulcers
renal insufficiency
inc NA/h20 retention
inc preload
inc BP
what two bronchodilators are used in the treatment of asthma
salbutamol
tiotropium
what is different between aspirin and the three other NSAIDs we learned about
the other 3 are reversible inhibitors of cox
the other three have less antiplatelet effects
how is buprenorphine and naloxone administered
sublingually
name 3 NSAIDs besides aspirin
ibuprofen
naproxen
diclofenac
what opioid analgesic has the potential for serotonin syndrome
meperidine
name some antihistamines
diphenhydramine
desloratadine
bilastine
dimenhydrinate
what is the difference between cortisol and modified cortisol
modified cortisol has less mineralocorticoid effects
name some adverse effects of prednisone and bethamethasone
inc infection risk
slow wound realing
inc plasma glucose
inc BP
protein catabolism
redistribution of adipose tissue
osteoporosis
mood changes (euphoria)
glacoma
cataracts
why can aspirin exacerbate resp disease
due to inc of leukotrienes
gabapentin
pregabalin
amitriptyline are examples of what type of drugs
analgesics (dont fit into any of the main categories we learned about)
what is reyes syndrome
acute encephalopathy with cerebral edema and hepatic steatosis
name; 4 things that aspirin does
antiplatelet effects
anti-inflammatory
antipyretic
analgesic
why is tylenol preffered over ASA
less toxicity - no reyes syndrome, hypersensitivity, GI or hema effects
what anti-histamine is also used to reduce motion sickness
dimenhydrinate
why does aspirin cause gastric ulcers
due to dec prostaglandins
what does the body release as a long-term response to stress
glucocorticoids
how is oxycodone adminstered
po
why would a combination of buprenorphine and naloxone be safer than methadone for withdrawl symptoms
less risk of overdose
why is meperidine a short term use only
because it’s metabolite can be neurotoxic
why does aspirin cause inc bleeding time
due to dec thromboxane A2 and less platelet aggregation
what drug when combined with tylenol makes percocet
oxycodone
name some adverse effects of celecoxib
thrombosis
reduced renal function
why is buprenophine helpful for antagonizing opioids
its a partial agonist - limits stimulatory effects
what drug gets converted to morphine by CYP 2D6
codeine
what are some symptoms of aspirin exacerbated resp disease
asthma
nasal polyps
hypersensitivity
how is codeine administered
po
name an opioid antagonisst
naloxone
what opioid analgesic is used to eliminate the euphoria associated with heroin
methadone
diphenhydramine
desloratadine
bilastine are what kinds of drugs
antihistamines
what is the antidote to a tylenol overdose
N-acetylcysteine
what is the brand name for the combo of buprenorphine and naloxone
suboxone
how do NSAIDs work
inhibit COX enzymes taht produce thromboxane A2 and prostaglandins
what occurs due to tylenol overdose
hepatotoxicity caused by metabolites + death
name some adverse effects of aspirin
prolonged bleeding
GI irritation/ulcers
renal insufficency
Na/h20 retention
^inc preload
inc BP
resp disease`
name some other analgesics that don’t fit into any of the main categories mentioned
gabapentin
pregabalin
amitriptyline
name 2 local anesthetics
benzocaine
lidocaine
bupivacain
name 2 therapeutic effects of antihistamines
moderate anti-inflammatory effect
nasal vasoconstriction
