Pharmacoeconomic Flashcards
PE is:
scientific discipline that assess the value of pharmaceutical interventions and provides information for optimal allocation of healthcare resources.
-It is a tool not a final decision
Pharmacoeconomics study is primarily for the purpose of ………….., …………….., ……….., & ……….. This type of evaluation encompasses all measurements against the disease being investigated.
drug listing,
competitiveness,
pricing, and reimbursement.
Pharmacoeconomics analysis is important for
inclusion in formularies or coverage by the drug insurance companies.
It assesses therapeutic advantages and disadvantages of the drug and cost-effectiveness of the drug relative to accepted therapy.
Cost Minimization Analysis (CMA)
Determining the least costly alternative when comparing > 2 treatments (must be equivalent therapeutically).
The alternative (least costly) must demonstrate equivalency in safety & efficacy.
Secondary Data Sources:
pre-existing data collected for some other purpose, such as for a previous research question (e.g., clinical trial), or to facilitate some process (e.g., hospital discharge records, or claims).
An analysis used when it is inappropriate to monetize health effect:
Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA)
Cost Effectiveness Analysis (CEA):
compares the relative costs and outcomes (effects) of two or more courses of action.
the cost in CMA is determined in:
Monetary units $$$$$
Principles of Biomedical Ethics are:
Respect to Person ( respect welfare of the individual)
Beneficence: promotes action that will support others
Justice: patients treated equally.
Non-maleficence: Do no harm
Autonomy
Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA) or Benefit-Cost Analysis
benefit of a treatment alternative is compared to its cost.
a bridge science spanning both clinical pharmacology and epidemiology:
Pharmacoepidemiology
CMA shows only a “…………………….” of one treatment over another.
CMA shows only a “cost savings” of one treatment over another.
Primary Data Sources:
data collected prospectively for the particular study. Collected through questionnaires, interviews, or chart reviews.
Cost Utilization Analysis (CUA)
compares the cost of alternatives to the patient preference
unit of measurement of CEA
Ratio (Denominator is a gain in health from a measure (years of life, premature births) and Numerator is cost associated with the health gain.)
