Endocrine Drugs

Question 1

Hormones secreted from the Anterior pituitary are:

Answer 1

GH, LH & FSH TSH, ACTH.

Question 2

Hormones secreted from the Posterior pituitary are:

Answer 2

ADH (Vasopressin) + Oxytocin act directly on target tissues

Question 3

GH secretion is stimulated by:

Answer 3

Hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Question 4

GH secretion is inhibited by:

Answer 4

somatostatin (SRIH): binds to five distinct receptor subtypes (SST1-SST5)

Question 5

mediates most of the peripheral actions of GH, inhibits GH secretion

Answer 5

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1):

Question 6

Octreotide

Answer 6

Long acting synthetic analogue of Somatostatin which inhibit the release of GH, glucagon, insulin and gastrin.

used in the treatment of: acromegaly, gastrinoma and carcinoid.

Question 7

Bromocritpine

Answer 7

D2 agonist has more effects on inhibiting prolactin than GH release.

Alpha-/Beta-Agonists: enhance the hypertensive effect & enhance the vasoconstricting effect of Alpha-/Beta-Agonists. Risk X: Avoid combination

Question 8

Pegvisomant

Answer 8

GH antagonist for the treatment of Acromegaly

Question 9

functions of FSH & LH in women:

Answer 9

FSH: directs follicle development

FSH+LH collaborate to induce ovarian steriodeogenesis

Question 10

Primary regulator of spermatogenesis:

Answer 10

FSH

Question 11

Gonadotropins analogues:

Answer 11

Menotropin: mixture of FSH & LH obtained from urine of postmenopausal women.

Question 12

FSH analog

Answer 12

Urofollitropin: isolated from post menopausal women urine.

Question 13

LH analog

Answer 13

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) a placental hormone that support the corpus luteum during the early stages of pregnancy

Question 14

Leuprolide

Answer 14

is a long acting Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist. used to down regulate the release of Gonadotropins.

Question 15

Agents belonging to the class Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) agonist

Answer 15

Leuprolide, Histrelin, Goserelin.

Question 16

Ganirelix is a:

Answer 16

(GnRH) ANTagonist

Degarelix is approved for the treatment of Prostate cancer

Question 17

Treatment of HYPERprolactinoma:

Answer 17

Bromocriptine
Carbegoline (Dostinex)
pergolide

Question 18

ADH (vasopersin)

Answer 18

synthesized in neuronal cell bodies in the hypothalamus and released in the posterior pituitary.

1. Treatment of pituitary DM: Acts through V2 to increase insertion of H2O channels in the collecting ducts producing antidiuretic effects.
2. Hemophilla A or Von Will disease: External V2 receptors regulate the release of factor VIII & Von Willebrand factor.
3. Varecal bleeding and colon diverticuli through activating V1 receptor leading to vasoconstriction.

Question 19

Conivaptan

Answer 19

antagonist of Vasopressin.

Question 20

Important difference between Leuprolide (GnRH) agonist and Ganirelix (GnRH) antagonist:

Answer 20

both drug can be used to inhibit gonadotropin release, Ganirelix effect is immediate while Leuprolide takes longer >1week

Question 21

Treatment of precocious puberty:

Answer 21

involved administration of GnRH agonist to suppress gonadotropin release.
Agent of choice: LEuprolide.

Question 22

symptoms of hyperhtyrodism:

Answer 22

stare and lid lag of the eye: due to sympathetic overactivity.
Sweating, heat intolerance.
Onycholysis (loosening of the nails from the nail bed, Plummer’s nails.
behavioral and personality changes, such as psychosis, agitation, and depression.