Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacy > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Types of DM:

A

Type 1: destruction of the pancreatic beta cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency. This is usually due to autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells.

Type-2: hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative impairment in insulin secretion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of Insulin on Liver:

A

Increases the storage of Glc via insertion of GLUT-2 transporter into cells, decrease protein catabolism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Function of Insulin on Skeletal cells:

A

stimulates glycogen and protein synthesis via insertion of GLUT-4 transporter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Function of Insulin on Adipose tissues:

A

Facilitate TG storage (via + lipoprotein lipase) and reducing lipolysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Insulin is synthesized as:

A

proinsulin (86 amino-acid single chain polypeptide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Ultra short (rapid acting insulin)

A

Lispro (Humalog)
Aspart (Novorapid)
Glulisine (Apidra)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Short acting (6-10hr)

A

Regular insulin (Humalin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intermediate acting insulin (10-12hr)

A

NPH (neutral protamine hagedorn insulin): a combination of regular insulin and protamine (basic protein) leading to delayed effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Long acting insulin (>24hr)

A

Glargine (Lantus, Toujeo)

Determir (Levemir)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ultra long acting >40hr insulin:

A

Dugledec (Tresiba)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MOA of SGLT-2 inhibitors:

A

inhibit renal glucose absorption in the proximal tubules thus increasing Glc secretion, They increase urine volume.

-Associated with risk of UTI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Drugs belonging to SGLT-2 inhibitors include:

A

-Ozin.

There was a tribe in the SGLT part of Africa known as the Ozin tribe, the tribe suffered from a rare condition where they urinate sugar all the time, The tribe consisted from 3 men who dominated Africa (at that time: these men and their wives performed operation (mainly foot amputations) although these women had osteoprosis they did the surgeries efficiently.
The Ozin tribe:
1.CaNA (CanaglifOZIN (Invokana)
2.DapaForx (DapaglifOZIN (Forxiga)
3.EmpaJar (Epmaglifozin (JArdiance)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MOA of Thiazolidinediones:

A

binding and activating to PPAR-gamma which regulates gene transcription involved in glucose utilization.

Increase insulin sensitivity and uptake of Glc to muscles and adipose tissues.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Drugs belonging to Thiazolidinediones:

A

-ZONE

when you gain weight the chances of you getting a PIOrose are minimal which may lead to broken hearts, MIs and bladder cancer.

PioRose is a rare type of flowers given to people who take care of their LFT and take it bravely with renal issues.

PioRose has two main origins: Actos and Avanda countries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mechanism of action of Biguanides:

A
  • Decrease hepatic gluconeogensis and hepatic Glc production via AMP-stimulated protein kinase.
  • Stimulation of glycolysis and uptake of Gl.
  • Reduce plasma Glucagon levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mechanism of action of Sulfonylurea (idE) & Meglitinide (RepaNate):

A

Insulin secretagogues (meaning promotes insulin release)

via closure of K+2 channels and increasing influx of Ca+2 leading to insulin release.

17
Q

Agents belonging to Sulfonylurea:

A 
-ide
There was a girl named IDE who suffered from weight gaining and multiple personalities, these personalities developed due to the trauma of K+2 closure and release of insulin. 
Person.1: Glipmaryl (GLimpride (Amaryl)
Person.2: GlyDao  (Glyburide (Daonil)
Person.3: GLimpride
18
Q

Agents belonging to Meglitinide (RepaNate):

A

Fast acting insulin secretagogues

Weight gain

Repaglinide (Novonorm)
Nateglinide

19
Q

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is a ………………………. that stimulates ………………… secretion, …………………………, and ……………………… growth.

A

Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is a gut hormone that stimulates insulin secretion, gene expression, and β-cell growth.

20
Q

MOA of GLP-1 agonist (aka Incretin mimetics):

A

it interacts with a G protein–coupled receptor on the β-cells, which causes accumulation of cAMP leading to increased intracellular Ca+2 levels.

It is present in Pancreatic α-cells & L-cells of the intestinal mucosa.

the hormone is metabolized rapidly by DPP IV

21
Q

Agents belonging to GLP-1 agonists include: -tide

A

-tide

3 best scents include:
Li-saxa-vic perfume

Exenatide

Benefits: weigh Loss and Feeling of satiety.

Risk of Pancreatitis and thyroid cancer

22
Q

DDP-1 inhibitors:

A

-liptin.

Tea flavor developed tremendously over the years, one should try at least the amazing benefits that comes with the newer generation of Tea coming from China, these benefits include; increase HF hospitalizations URI (upper respiratory tract infections).

Flavors include:
Linta: purple tea with daisy on top (Linaglptin (Trajenta)

Sitvia: Pink with glitter (SItagliptin (Januvia)

Saxfor: blue with stars (Saxagliptin (Enforza)

23
Q

α-Glucosidase Inhibitors:

A

inhibit intestinal Glc absorption

Acarbose, Miglitol

24
Q

Pramlintide

A

AMylin analog which activates amylin receptors.

25
Q

AMylin

A

a hormone cosecreted by the β-cell with insulin. Amylin has been shown to suppress prandial glucagon production and slow gastric emptying.

26
Q

Epmaglifozin (JArdiance) belongs to

A

SGLT-2 inhibitors

27
Q

weigh Loss is associated with:

A

Bigaunides, GLP-1 agonists

28
Q

Linaglptin (Trajenta) belongs to:

A

DDP-1 inhibitors

29
Q

Liraglutide (Victoza) belongs to:

A

GLP-1 agonists

30
Q

Risk of Pancreatitis and thyroid cancer are associated with:

A

GLP-1 agonists

31
Q

Example of Incretin mimetics:

A

DDP-1 inhibitors (i.e.Linagliptin, Saxagliptin (forxiga), Sitagliptin (Januvia)

GLP-1 agonist: Liraglutide (Victoza)

32
Q

Heart Failure hospitalization is linked to:

A

DDP-1 inhibitors

33
Q

insulin secretagogues

A

Sulfonylurea & Meglitinide

34
Q

Pioglitazone (Actos) + Roseglitazone

A

Thiazoladindione

35
Q

Associated with risk of UTI

A

SGLT-2 inhibitors

Pharmacy (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions