Pharmaceutical Industries Flashcards
Yield
measured in percentage and
the ratio of product quantity before manufacturing and product quantity after manufacturing or ratio of the theoretical quantity of the product to the practical quantity of the product and its formula is as follow,
Yield =Quantity of product after manufacturing÷Quantity of the product before manufacturing×100
Line Loss
measure of material loss during each manufacturing stage. Line loss may occur starting from dispensing stage to the end of finish product dispatch.
Line loss = Quantity of product before manufacturing - Quantity of product after manufacturing
Vd
vd=dose/concentration
Half life T ½
0.693×vd/clearance
Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), K30
Synonym(s):
PVP, Povidone, Polyvidone, ‘Plasdone’
water soluble polymer. It has a hygroscopic nature with good adhesive properties.
C6H9NO
Polymers and thickners
- Bentonite:absorbentclay. It has a colloidal structure in water.used as a suspending and rheological agent.
- Magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum®); suited for suspension stabilization.
Bentonite
Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties
Vehicles include:
polysorbate
Methylcellulose
Tragacanth
Tromethamine
Solvents/ Vehicle
alcohol, acetic acid, acetone, ethyl acetates, etc.
Preservatives:
sorbic acid, benzoic acid, parabens, chloroform, sucrose, and benzalkonium chloride.
Suspending agents:
Carrageenan, xanthan gum, or cellulose ether
Difference Between Emulsion and Suspension:
Emulsion:
a combination of two immiscible liquids.
The stability of emulsions can be increased by adding emulsifiers.
particles/droplets in an emulsion cannot be separated by filtering.
Suspension:
the two components can be of any phase. The particles in a suspension can be separated by filtering
