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Pharmacology LECOM SH > Pharm 35 Fungal Infections > Flashcards

Pharm 35 Fungal Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Flucytosine Mechanism

A

converted to 5-FdUMP, which inhibits thymidylate synthase and interferes with DNA synthesis. Syngergy with amph B against aspergillus

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2
Q

Flucytosine Use

A

Candidiasis, Cryptococcosis, Chromomycosis

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3
Q

Flucytosine Side Effects

A

Bone marrow suppression, cardiotoxicity, GI disturbance, hepatic, dysfunction

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4
Q

Flucytosine Contraindications

A

Pregnancy

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5
Q

Griseofulvin Mechanism

A

Binds to tubulin and a microtubule-associated protein, disrupting assembly of mitotic spindle

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6
Q

Griseofulvin Use

A

Fungal infection of the skin, hair, or nail due to trichophyton, microsporum or epidermophyton

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7
Q

Griseofulvin Side Effects

A

Hepatotoxicity, albuminuria, leukopenia, neutropenia, monocytosis, serum sickness, angioedema, toxic epidermal necrolysis, headache, lethargy, vertigo, blurred vision, increased fecal protoporphyrin levels

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8
Q

Griseofulvin Contraindications

A

Pregnancy, porphyria and hepatic failure

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9
Q

Allylamines: Terbinafine, Naftifine, butenafine Mechanism

A

Inhibit conversion of squalene to lanosterol by inhibiting squalene epoxidase

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10
Q

Allylamines

A

Terbinafine, Naftifine (cream or gel), butenafine

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11
Q

Allylamines: Terbinafine, Naftifine, butenafine use

A

Onychomycosis (Nail fungus), Tinea corporis (Ringworm), tinea cruris (Fungus in groin, Jock Itch, Crotch Rot), tinea pedis (Athlete’s Foot), tinea capitis (Ringworm of the scalp)

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12
Q

Allylamines: Terbinafine, Naftifine, butenafine Side Effects

A

hepatotoxicity, stevens-johnson syndrome, neutropenia, exacerbation of psoriasis or subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus, gi disturbance, burning sensation and local irritation of skin

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13
Q

Allylamines: Terbinafine, Naftifine, butenafine Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

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14
Q

Imidazole antifungals Mechanism

A

Inhibit ultimate conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol by inhibiting 14a-sterol demethylase; decrease in egosterol and accumulation of 14alpha-methyl sterols disrupt the tightly packed chains of phospholipids in the fungal membrane.

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15
Q

Imidazoles

A

Ketoconazole, Butoconazole, Clotrimazole

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16
Q

Imidazole antifungals Use

A

Coccidioides immitis, cryptococcus neoformans, candida species, histoplasma capsulatum, blastomyces dermatitids, dermatophytes, superficial fungal infections of stratum corneum, squamous mucosa, and cornea

17
Q

Imidazole antifungals Side Effects

A
  • GI disturb, hepatic dysfunction, gynecomastia, decreased libido, menstrual irregularities: Ketoconazole.
  • pruritus and burning (All but Ketoconazole)
18
Q

Imidazole antifungals Contraindications

A

Concurrent admin of ampho B or oral triazolam, hypersensitivity

19
Q

Triazole antifungals Mechanism

A

Inhibit ultimate conversion of lanosterol to ergosterol by inhibiting 14a-sterol demethylase; decrease in egosterol and accumulation of 14alpha-methyl sterols disrupt the tightly packed chains of phospholipids in the fungal membrane.

20
Q

Triazole antifungals Use

A

Aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis, onychomycosis, cryptococcal meningitis, vulvovaginal candidiasis

21
Q

Triazoles

A

Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Posaconazole.

22
Q

Triazole antifungals Side Effects

A

Heptatic toxicity, stevens-johnson syndrome, gi disturb, rash, hypokalemia, hypertension, edema, headache

23
Q

Triazole antifungals Contraindications

A

Coadmin with dofetilide, oral midazolam, pimozide, levacetylmethadol, quinidine, lovastatin, simvastatin, or triazolam, pregnancy, hypersensitivity

24
Q

Amphoterecin B Mechanism

A

Binds to ergosterol and form pores that alter fungal membrane permeability and stability. Polyene. Combo with with flucytosine for cryptococcal meningitis

25
Q

Amphoterecin B Use

A

Potentially life-threatening aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, blastomycosis, systemic candidiasis, coccidiodomycosis, histoplasmosis, systemic candidiasis, zygomycosis

26
Q

Amphoterecin B Side Effects

A

renal toxicity, cytokine storm, anemia, weight loss, gi distrubance

27
Q

Amphoterecin B Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

28
Q

Nystatin Mechanism

A

Bind to ergosterol and form bores that alter fungal membrane permeability and stability. polyene. Not absorbed systematically

29
Q

Nystatin Use

A

Mucocutaneous candidiasis

30
Q

Nystatin Side Effects

A

Rare contact dermatitis

31
Q

Nystatin Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

32
Q

Echinocandins: caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin Mechanism

A

Noncompetitively inhibit synthesis of beta-(1,3)-d-glucans which leads to disruption of cell wall integrity

33
Q

Echinocandins: caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin Use

A

Esophageal candidiasis, candidemia, salvage therapy of aspergillus infections, antifungal prophylaxis for recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants

34
Q

Echinocandins: caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin Side Effects

A

pruritus, rash, gi disturb, increased liver enzymes, thrombophlebitis, headache, fever

35
Q

Echinocandins: caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin Contraindications

A

Hypersensitivity

36
Q

Echinocandins

A

Caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin (Fungins are CANDINS that inhibit beta-(1,3)-d-GLUCANS - bad cell walls)

Pharmacology LECOM SH (24 decks)

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