Pharm 30 Endocrine Pancreas/Glucose Homeostasis Part I Flashcards
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (3)
acarbose
migitol
voglibose
Prandial Bolus Insulins (4)
"LAGeR" Insulin Lispro Insulin aspart Insulin glulisine Regular Insulin
Basal “ long acting “ insulins (3)
NPH insulin
insulin glargine
Insulin detemir
First generation sulfonylureas (4)
TACT tolbulamide acetohexamide chlorpropamide tolazamide
Second generation sulfonylureas (5)
G's Glimepiride Glipizide Glibenclamide Gliclazide Gliquidone
Meglitinides (2)
Nateglinide
Repaglinide
The biguanide (insulin sensitizer
Metformin
Amylin Analogue
Pramlintide
GLP-1 analoges
“El” GLP-1 analogues
Exenatide
Liraglutide
DPP-4 inhibitors
Sit-Sax (instead of the sitaur)
Sitagliptin
Saxagliptin
Thiazolidinediones (insulin sensitizers)
TZDs
Rosiglitazone
Somatostatin analogue
Octreotide
MOA: Bind avidly to intestinal brush border alpha glucosidase enzymes, slowing breakdown and absorption of dietary carbohydrates such as dextrin, and disaccharides
- alpha glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose, migitol, voglibose)
Contraindications Include cirrhosis, DKA, digestive problems, IBD, and Bowel obstruction
alpha-glucosidases
hypoglycemia is the sole CI for
Exogenous insulin
DKA is the sole CI for
Sulfonylureas
DKA + Type 1 diabetes are the CIs for
Meglitinides
Contraindications are metabolic acidosis, Hepatic disease, Renal impairment, Respiratory distress, Alcohol abuse, Septicemia, Heart failure
Metformin
What may result in a patient on Metformin that has received iodinated contrast media if acute alteration of renal function is an underlying issue ?
Lactic Acidosis
Hypoglycemia + Gastroparesis CI for
Pramlintide
ype 1 dm + DKA CI for
Incretins (GLP-1 analogues and DPP4 inhibitors
Heart failure is the sole CI for
TZDs
Patient with a pheochromocytoma cannot receive
exogenous glucagon
Type 2 dm and polycystic ovarian syndrom are indicated for use of
Metformin
Both Type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus can receive
Pramlinitide
Hypoglycemia + Malignant hypertension(off-label) are both indications to use
Diazoxide
Hypoglycemia + intestinal relaxant before radiography of GI indicated with
Exogenous glucagon
Hypoglycemia, Rash, diarrhea, nausea, and dizziness are ADRs of
Meglitinides
Nausea is the only ADR of
Pramlintide
Hypoglycemia nausea vomitting diarrhea nervousness , dizziness and HEADACHE are ADRs of
GLP-1 analogues
Rash, nausea, vomitting, are ADRS of
Glucagon
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, elvated serum AMINOTRANSFERASE levels, elevated plasma TGs are ADRs of
Exogenous Insulin
Diarrhea, flatulence , nausea, vomiting , COBALAMIN DEF. and LACTIC ACIDOSIS are ADRs of
Metformin
ADRs of Exog. Insulin
lipodystrophy , injection site rxn, hypoglycemia
unique ADRs for DPP4 inhibitors (2)
mild increase in serum creatinin level and nasopharyngitis
ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ?
fluid retention, DKA, hypernatremia
Diazoxide
ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ?
cholestatic hepatitis hepatoxicity, diabetic macular edema
TZD
ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ?
angina hypotension, tachyarrhytmia, hirsutism
DIazoxide
ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ?
hyperglycemia, dyspepsia, dizzines, glucosuria
Diazoxide
ADRs of TZD or Diazoxide ?
Edema , weight gain, increased HDL/LDL, decreased TG and FFA
TZD
