Pharm 34 Bacterial and Mycobacterial Infections: Cell Wall Synthesis Flashcards
mechanism:
inhibit murein monomer synthesis, PEP analogue, synergistic with B lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones
Fosfomycin, Fosmidomycin
treats:
Gram - urinary tract infections
E. Coli, Klebsiella serratia, clostridia
Fosfomycin, Fosmidomycin
mechanism:
inhibit murein monomer synthesis through alanine racemase and D-ala-d-ala ligase, may cause seizures
Cycloserine
treats:
M. tuberculosis, M. avium complex
Cycloserine
mechanism:
inhibit murein monomer synthesis by inhibiting dephosphorylation of bactoprenyl diphosphate
Bacitracin
treats:
cutaneous and eye infections (topical)
C. difficile (gi)
Vancomycin resistant enterocci (oral)
Bacitracin
mechanism:
Inhibitor of murein polymer synthesis by binding to D-ala-D-ala terminus and inhibiting PGT which prevents addition of monomers to chain
Vancomycin, Telavancin
treats:
MRSA (IV)
Skin infections with Straph/Strep (IV)
C. Difficile enterocolitis (oral)
Vancomycin, Telavancin
adverse effects:
“Red man Syndrome”
Resistance when bacteria form D-Ala-D-lactate instead
Vancomycin, Telavancin
mechanism and contraindication:
inhibit polymer cross linking, B- lactams inhibit transpeptidase forming covalent dead end, all have 5 membered accessory ring attached. Hypersensitivity is contraindiction
Penicillin (all “cillins”)
Treats:
S. aureus and S. pyogenes, oral anaerobes, meningitisids, clostridia, syphillis.
IV preparation
potentiate anticoagulant effects of warfarin
B- lactamase sensitive
Penicillin G
treats:
Same as penicillin G, but is Oral
B-lactamase sensitive
potentiate effect of warfarin
Penicillin V
treats:
skin and soft tissue infections, methicillin sensitive S. Aureus
B-lactamase resistant
Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, methicillin
treats:
B-lactamase inhibitor works on S. aureus, H. influenzae, E. coli, klebsiella, anterobacter, anaerobes
Clavulanic Acid/Amoxicillin
treats:
B-lactamase inhibitor works on S. aureus, H. influenzae, E. coli, klebsiella, anterobacter, anaerobes
Sulbactam/Ampicillin
treats:
Broad spectrum, + charged amino group on side chain allows diffusion through porins of Gram - bacteria.
invasive enterococcal infections and listeria meningitis
Ampicillin