Pharm 34 Bacterial and Mycobacterial Infections: Cell Wall Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

mechanism:

inhibit murein monomer synthesis, PEP analogue, synergistic with B lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones

A

Fosfomycin, Fosmidomycin

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2
Q

treats:
Gram - urinary tract infections
E. Coli, Klebsiella serratia, clostridia

A

Fosfomycin, Fosmidomycin

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3
Q

mechanism:

inhibit murein monomer synthesis through alanine racemase and D-ala-d-ala ligase, may cause seizures

A

Cycloserine

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4
Q

treats:

M. tuberculosis, M. avium complex

A

Cycloserine

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5
Q

mechanism:

inhibit murein monomer synthesis by inhibiting dephosphorylation of bactoprenyl diphosphate

A

Bacitracin

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6
Q

treats:
cutaneous and eye infections (topical)
C. difficile (gi)
Vancomycin resistant enterocci (oral)

A

Bacitracin

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7
Q

mechanism:
Inhibitor of murein polymer synthesis by binding to D-ala-D-ala terminus and inhibiting PGT which prevents addition of monomers to chain

A

Vancomycin, Telavancin

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8
Q

treats:
MRSA (IV)
Skin infections with Straph/Strep (IV)
C. Difficile enterocolitis (oral)

A

Vancomycin, Telavancin

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9
Q

adverse effects:
“Red man Syndrome”
Resistance when bacteria form D-Ala-D-lactate instead

A

Vancomycin, Telavancin

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10
Q

mechanism and contraindication:
inhibit polymer cross linking, B- lactams inhibit transpeptidase forming covalent dead end, all have 5 membered accessory ring attached. Hypersensitivity is contraindiction

A

Penicillin (all “cillins”)

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11
Q

Treats:
S. aureus and S. pyogenes, oral anaerobes, meningitisids, clostridia, syphillis.
IV preparation
potentiate anticoagulant effects of warfarin
B- lactamase sensitive

A

Penicillin G

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12
Q

treats:
Same as penicillin G, but is Oral
B-lactamase sensitive
potentiate effect of warfarin

A

Penicillin V

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13
Q

treats:
skin and soft tissue infections, methicillin sensitive S. Aureus
B-lactamase resistant

A

Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, methicillin

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14
Q

treats:

B-lactamase inhibitor works on S. aureus, H. influenzae, E. coli, klebsiella, anterobacter, anaerobes

A

Clavulanic Acid/Amoxicillin

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15
Q

treats:

B-lactamase inhibitor works on S. aureus, H. influenzae, E. coli, klebsiella, anterobacter, anaerobes

A

Sulbactam/Ampicillin

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16
Q

treats:
Broad spectrum, + charged amino group on side chain allows diffusion through porins of Gram - bacteria.
invasive enterococcal infections and listeria meningitis

A

Ampicillin

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17
Q

treats:

Broad spectrum, ear, nose, throat infections, combo for H. pylori

A

Amoxicillin

18
Q

mechanism:
Broad spectrum, mostly against P. aeruginosa, Carboxyl group side chain confers resistance to B-lactamases
also treatsHospital acquired pneumonia from resistant gram - organisms

A

Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin

19
Q

treats:

Broad spectrum, similar to carbenicillin/ticarcillin but also treats klebsiella, enterococci as well as P. aeruginosa

A

Piperacillin, Mezlocillin

20
Q

Mechanism:
inhibit polymer cross linking, B-lactam ring with 6 membered accessory ring attached.
Contra: hypersensitivity that can also cross react with penicillins

A

Cephalosporins mechanism and contra

start “cef”

21
Q

1st generation
Gram + coverage sensitive to B-lactamases
Treats: proteus mirabilis, E. Coli, Klebsiella pneumonia

A

Cefazolin, Cephalexin

22
Q

2nd Generation: broader Gram - coverage, more B lactamase resistant
H. Influenzae (CAP)

A

Cefuroxime

23
Q

2nd Generation: broader Gram - coverage, more B lactamase resistant
H. Influenzae, Enterobacter spp., neisseria spp, P. mirabilis, e. coli, K pneumoniae (pelvic and intraabdominal infections)

A

Cefotetan, Cefoxitin

24
Q

3rd generation
CNS penetration
B-lactamase resistant
active against enterobacteriaceae but less active on Gram + than 1st generation
N. gonorrhoeae, Borrelia burgdorferi, H. influenzae, CefTRIaxone

A

Cefotaxime, Ceftizoxime, Ceftriaxone, Cefoperazone, Ceftazidime

25
Q

4th generation, B-lactamase resistant

Enterobacteriaceae, neisseria, H. influenzae, P. aeruginosa, Gram + organisms

A

Cefepime

26
Q

5th generation

MRSA, VRSA, S. pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae

A

Ceftaroline

27
Q

mechanism:

Monobactam. inhibit polymer cross linking similar to penicillin

A

Aztreonam

28
Q

treats:
Gram - bacteria
used in penicillin allergic patients

A

Aztreonam

29
Q

mechanism:

Similar to penicillin, inhibits polymer cross linking

A

Carbapenems (have “penem”)

30
Q

Carbapenems

A

Imipenem/Cilastatin, Meropenem, Dorpenem, Etapenem

31
Q

treat:
All gram + and - bacteria except MRSA, VRE, and legionella
decrease valproate levels

A

Carbapenem

32
Q

Cilastatin administered with…

A

Imipenem, inhibits renal dehydropeptidase I which inactivates imipenem

33
Q

mechanism:
Inhibitor of cell membrane stability by integrating into Gram + membranes that creates pores and leads to K+ efflux, depolarization, cell death

A

Daptomycin

34
Q

treats:

complicated skin infection, bacteremia, right sided endocarditis from S. aureus

A

Daptomycin

35
Q

Daptomycin should not be co administered with?

A

Statin due to increased myopathy risk

36
Q

mechanism:
decrease arabinogalactan synthesis by inhibiting arabinosyl transferase that adds arabinose units to growing arabinogalactan chain

A

Ethambutol

37
Q

treats:

Mycobacteriostatic, can cause optic neurotics and visual changes

A

Ethambutol

38
Q

mechanism:

prodrug converted to pyrazinoic acid which inhibits fatty acid synthetase 1 (FAS1)

A

Pyrazinamide

39
Q

treats:

Mycobacterium, dont take if hepatic dysfunction or gout

A

Pyrazinamide

40
Q

mechanism:

inhibit mycolic acid synthesis by targeting fatty acid synthetase 2 (FAS2)

A

Isoniazid, Ethionamide

41
Q

treats:
Mycobactericidal, combo with rifampin and streptomycin
neurotoxicity prevented by pyridoxine supplemntation

A

Isoniazid, ethionamide