Pharm 1 Toxicology

Question 1

Paraoxonase

Answer 1

• Enzyme that detoxifies organophosphates (nerve gas, insecticides)
• 25% of asians and 10% of caucasians

Question 2

IRESSA

Answer 2

Effective in Tx lung CA in asians only

Question 3

Benzene leukemia protection

Answer 3

CYP2E1 polymorphism

Question 4

Elite controller

Answer 4

Respond atypically (good or bad)

Question 5

Low LDL mutation

Answer 5

PCSK protein (lower is better, none is best)

Question 6

NOCEBO response

Answer 6

Patient’s symptoms worsened by placebo

Question 7

Quantal dose-response relationship

Answer 7

Effect is either present or absent in a given individual (LD50)

Question 8

Graded dose-response relationship

Answer 8

BP

Question 9

Chloroform toxicity

Answer 9

Liver injury

Question 10

Procarcinogens

Answer 10

Transformed to reactive electrophiles

• Cellular DNA is nucleophile
• Electrophile + nucleophile = mutation

Question 11

Nongenotoxic carcinogens

Answer 11

Facilitate dormant tumor cell growth, potentiate genotoxic carcinogen effects

Question 12

Ames test

Answer 12

Determine if a chemical is genotoxic

Question 13

Allergic reactions

• Type 1
• Type 2
• Type 3
• Type 4

Answer 13

• 1- Anaphylactic
• 2- Cytotoxic (antibody)
• 3- Arthus (immune complex)
• 4- Delayed hypersensitivity (T lymphocytes, macrophages)

Question 14

Chemical interactions

• Pharmacokinetic
• Pharmacodynamic

Answer 14

• Kinetic- affects absorption, metabolism, or excretion

- Dynamic- affects similar biological response

Question 15

Potentiating interaction

Answer 15

Increased toxicity in presence of nontoxic chemical

Question 16

Dispositional antagonism

Answer 16

Alter metabolism to increase excretion and reduce effect

Question 17

Acute chemical poisoning in children

Answer 17

Half of all poisoning, but only 2% of deaths

Question 18

Most frequent human poisoning exposure

Answer 18

Analgesics

Question 19

Drug class producing Delirium

Answer 19

Anticholinergics

Question 20

Drug class producing Confusion

Answer 20

Salicylate

Question 21

Drug class producing Agitation

Answer 21

Sympathomimetics

Question 22

Drug class producing Coma/Somnolence

Answer 22

Cholinergics, Opioids, Sedatives

Question 23

1 drug related death

Answer 23

Cocaine

Question 24

Drug poisoning management

Answer 24

1. Maintain respiration/circulation
2. Keep poison out of critical tissues
3. Block toxic effects at receptor sites

Question 25

Tx patient with neurological disability

Answer 25

Dextrose + Thiamine Naloxone Oxygen

Question 26

Emesis Tx contraindications

Answer 26

- Corrosive agents - Aspiration risk - Convulsion risk (stimulants) - Petroleum distillate

Question 27

Purgation drug

Answer 27

Sodium Sulfate (osmotic cathartic)

Question 28

Hemodialysis indication

Answer 28

Methanol, Ethylene Glycol | -Salicylates

Question 29

Urinary excretion

Answer 29

Alkalize to eliminate Phenobarbital (acid) | Acidify to eliminate Amphetamine (base)

Question 30

Lead intoxication Tx

Answer 30

EDTA or Dimercaprol | -chelators

Question 31

Arsenic poisoning Dx

Answer 31

Garlicky breath | -Rice-water stools

Question 32

Arsenic Tx

Answer 32

Dimercaprol

Question 33

Arsine gas Dx

Answer 33

Massive hemolysis

Question 34

Mercury intoxication

Answer 34

Respiratory - cough Ingestion - Corrosion -Chronic ingestion - CNS damage, gingivitis, tooth loss

Question 35

Mercury Tx

Answer 35

Dimercaprol | -Penicillamine for mild intoxication

Question 36

Cadmium intoxication

Answer 36

Lung damage | -No Tx

Question 37

Rare earth intoxication

Answer 37

Low blood proteins | High cholesterol

Question 38

Info on slides

Answer 38

Look at it