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Test 11 > Pharm 1 Toxicology > Flashcards

Pharm 1 Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

Paraoxonase

A
  • Enzyme that detoxifies organophosphates (nerve gas, insecticides)
  • 25% of asians and 10% of caucasians
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2
Q

IRESSA

A

Effective in Tx lung CA in asians only

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3
Q

Benzene leukemia protection

A

CYP2E1 polymorphism

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4
Q

Elite controller

A

Respond atypically (good or bad)

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5
Q

Low LDL mutation

A

PCSK protein (lower is better, none is best)

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6
Q

NOCEBO response

A

Patient’s symptoms worsened by placebo

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7
Q

Quantal dose-response relationship

A

Effect is either present or absent in a given individual (LD50)

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8
Q

Graded dose-response relationship

A

BP

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9
Q

Chloroform toxicity

A

Liver injury

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10
Q

Procarcinogens

A

Transformed to reactive electrophiles

  • Cellular DNA is nucleophile
  • Electrophile + nucleophile = mutation
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11
Q

Nongenotoxic carcinogens

A

Facilitate dormant tumor cell growth, potentiate genotoxic carcinogen effects

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12
Q

Ames test

A

Determine if a chemical is genotoxic

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13
Q

Allergic reactions

  • Type 1
  • Type 2
  • Type 3
  • Type 4
A
  • 1- Anaphylactic
  • 2- Cytotoxic (antibody)
  • 3- Arthus (immune complex)
  • 4- Delayed hypersensitivity (T lymphocytes, macrophages)
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14
Q

Chemical interactions

  • Pharmacokinetic
  • Pharmacodynamic
A
  • Kinetic- affects absorption, metabolism, or excretion

- Dynamic- affects similar biological response

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15
Q

Potentiating interaction

A

Increased toxicity in presence of nontoxic chemical

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16
Q

Dispositional antagonism

A

Alter metabolism to increase excretion and reduce effect

17
Q

Acute chemical poisoning in children

A

Half of all poisoning, but only 2% of deaths

18
Q

Most frequent human poisoning exposure

A

Analgesics

19
Q

Drug class producing Delirium

A

Anticholinergics

20
Q

Drug class producing Confusion

A

Salicylate

21
Q

Drug class producing Agitation

A

Sympathomimetics

22
Q

Drug class producing Coma/Somnolence

A

Cholinergics, Opioids, Sedatives

23
Q

1 drug related death

24
Q

Drug poisoning management

A
  1. Maintain respiration/circulation
  2. Keep poison out of critical tissues
  3. Block toxic effects at receptor sites
25
Q

Tx patient with neurological disability

A

Dextrose + Thiamine
Naloxone
Oxygen

26
Q

Emesis Tx contraindications

A
  • Corrosive agents
  • Aspiration risk
  • Convulsion risk (stimulants)
  • Petroleum distillate
27
Q

Purgation drug

A

Sodium Sulfate (osmotic cathartic)

28
Q

Hemodialysis indication

A

Methanol, Ethylene Glycol

-Salicylates

29
Q

Urinary excretion

A

Alkalize to eliminate Phenobarbital (acid)

Acidify to eliminate Amphetamine (base)

30
Q

Lead intoxication Tx

A

EDTA or Dimercaprol

-chelators

31
Q

Arsenic poisoning Dx

A

Garlicky breath

-Rice-water stools

32
Q

Arsenic Tx

A

Dimercaprol

33
Q

Arsine gas Dx

A

Massive hemolysis

34
Q

Mercury intoxication

A

Respiratory - cough
Ingestion - Corrosion
-Chronic ingestion - CNS damage, gingivitis, tooth loss

35
Q

Mercury Tx

A

Dimercaprol

-Penicillamine for mild intoxication

36
Q

Cadmium intoxication

A

Lung damage

-No Tx

37
Q

Rare earth intoxication

A

Low blood proteins

High cholesterol

38
Q

Info on slides

A

Look at it

Test 11 (27 decks)

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