Pharm 1 Toxicology Flashcards
Paraoxonase
- Enzyme that detoxifies organophosphates (nerve gas, insecticides)
- 25% of asians and 10% of caucasians
IRESSA
Effective in Tx lung CA in asians only
Benzene leukemia protection
CYP2E1 polymorphism
Elite controller
Respond atypically (good or bad)
Low LDL mutation
PCSK protein (lower is better, none is best)
NOCEBO response
Patient’s symptoms worsened by placebo
Quantal dose-response relationship
Effect is either present or absent in a given individual (LD50)
Graded dose-response relationship
BP
Chloroform toxicity
Liver injury
Procarcinogens
Transformed to reactive electrophiles
- Cellular DNA is nucleophile
- Electrophile + nucleophile = mutation
Nongenotoxic carcinogens
Facilitate dormant tumor cell growth, potentiate genotoxic carcinogen effects
Ames test
Determine if a chemical is genotoxic
Allergic reactions
- Type 1
- Type 2
- Type 3
- Type 4
- 1- Anaphylactic
- 2- Cytotoxic (antibody)
- 3- Arthus (immune complex)
- 4- Delayed hypersensitivity (T lymphocytes, macrophages)
Chemical interactions
- Pharmacokinetic
- Pharmacodynamic
- Kinetic- affects absorption, metabolism, or excretion
- Dynamic- affects similar biological response
Potentiating interaction
Increased toxicity in presence of nontoxic chemical