Personality Disorders

Question 1

Personality disorders

Answer 1

persistent pattern of behavior, cognition’s, and emotions that cause distress for either the person affected and/or others
can have more than one personality disorder

Question 2

Cluster A
Cluster B
Cluster C

Answer 2

A- odd, eccentric
B-erratic, dramatic, over emotional
C- anxious or fearful

Question 3

when does it begin

Answer 3

in childhood, chronic course

Question 4

Cluster A disorders

Answer 4

Paranoid personality disorder
Schizoid personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder

Question 5

Paranoid Personality Disorder
Cause?
Treatment?

Answer 5

persistent distrust and suspiciousness of others w/o justification, motives of others interpreted as malicious
few relationships, unstable, tenses and sensitivity to criticism
No Known Cause
Treatment- unlikely to seek help, no empirically supported treatment, focus on developing trust and to change assumptions

Question 6

schizoid personality disorder

differential diagnosis? Cause? treatment?

Answer 6

persistent pattern of detachment from social relationships and restricted range of expression of emotions
loners, appear cold and aloof
unaffected by praise or criticism
DD- autism, shcizo, bipolar/depressive disorder w/ psychotic features
C- limited research, maybe related to autism or abuse/neglect
T- unlikely, importance of relationships & social skills training

Question 7

Schizotypial personality disorder

cause? treatment?

Answer 7

pervasive pattern of interpersonal and social deficits in addition to cognitive/perceptual distortions and eccentric behavior
psychotic like symptoms
odd or unusual behavior
C-unsure, schizophrenia phenotype can be later diagnosed with schizophrenia
T- multidimensioned- social skills training, antipsychotic meds, community treatment

Question 8

Positive and negative symptoms in schizotypal, schizoid, paranoid

Answer 8

Schizotypal- Positive yes Negative no
Schizoid- positive No Negative yes
Paranoid- Positive Yes Negative Yes

Question 9

Cluster B

Answer 9

Antisocial Personality disorder
Borderline personality disorder
Narcissistic personality disorder

Question 10

Antisocial Personality disorder

Answer 10

Persistent pattern of disregard for others and violation of the rights of others 
deceitful, impulsive, irresponsible
lacks empathy, a conscience, and remorse
evidence of conduct disorder
relation to criminality 
manipulate therapist

Question 11

arousal hypothesis

for antisocial disorder

Answer 11

underarousal- low cortisol levels, behavior up levels

Question 12

Borderline Personality Disorder

Answer 12

instability of interpersonal relationships, mood, self-image and control over impulses
intense fear of abandonment
slef mutilation behavior and suicidal gestures
co-morbid with depression, bipolar, and substance abuse
cause: genetic, serotonin
higher in females (Sex-typed)

Question 13

Narcissistic personality disorder

Answer 13

exaggerated and unreasonable sense of self importance , need for admiration
exaggerates achievements/talents
arrogant and explosive
lacks empathy
(Barney stinson from how I met your mother)

Question 14

Cluster C

Answer 14

Avoidant personality disorder
dependent personality disorder
obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Question 15

Avoidant personality disorder

Answer 15

persuasive social inhibition, feeling inadequate and overly sensitive to negative evaluation
avoid relationships
causes: early parental rejection, interpersonal isolation/conflict
treatment- social phobias

Question 16

Dependent personality disorder
Causes
Treatment

Answer 16

excessive pattern of needing to be taken care of, unreasonable fear of abandonment
feeling of inadequacy
submissive, clingy, timid
relies on others to make decisions
uncomfortable/helpless when alone
C- little research
T-focus on independence, may be come dependent on therapist

Question 17

Obsessive compulsive personality disorder

Causes? Treatment?

Answer 17

Pattern of preoccupation with perfectionism, orderliness and control
fixated with doing things the right way
interferes with completing tasks and schedule
causes- limited maybe genetic
T-CBT and exposure