AB- schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders

Question 1

Schizophrenia

Answer 1

psychotic disorder that involves disturbances in thinking, perceptions, speech, emotions, and behavior
includes characteristic symptoms
DSM4TR- subtypes
DSM5 spectrum of severity no subtypes

Question 2

Positive symptoms

Answer 2

added distortions in reality

delusion of grandeur, delusion of persecution, capgras syndrome, hallucinations

Question 3

delusion of grandeur

Answer 3

believing he or she is famous or powerful

Question 4

delusion of persecution

Answer 4

belief that someone or agency/organization is out to get them or trying to harm them

Question 5

capgras syndrome

Answer 5

very rare

believing someone you know has been replaced by a double

Question 6

Hallucinations

Answer 6

false perceptions
experience of sensory events without input from surrounding environment
auditory is most common, Brocas area is active

Question 7

Negative Symptoms

Answer 7

absence or insufficiency of normal behavior
avolition, alogia, flat affect, anhedonia
less common then positive symptoms

Question 8

Avolition

Answer 8

inability to initiate and persist in activities, little interest in preforming every day tasks (e.g. personal hygiene)

Question 9

Alogia

Answer 9

relative absence of speech
slow responses
terse answers

Question 10

flat affect

Answer 10

showing no emotion, vacant stares, toneless speech

Question 11

anhedonia

Answer 11

lack of interest/pleasure in things you used to

Question 12

Disorganized symptoms

Answer 12

erratic behavior that affect speech motor behavior and emotional reactions
disorganized speech - illogical speech
tangentiality - going off on tangent instead of answering question
derailment - abruptly changing topic
inappropriate affect - wrong emotions for the situation

Question 13

unusual behaviors

Answer 13

catatonia - motor dysfunctions; ranging from wild agitation to immobility

Question 14

Schizoaffective disorder

Answer 14

symptoms of schizophrenia plus a mood disorder
disorders are independent
delusions or hallucinations for 2 weeks in absence of mood disorder then switches

Question 15

schizophreniform disorder

Answer 15

symptoms of schizophrenia lasting at least 1 month but less than 6 months
symptoms tend to disappear by treatment or unknown reasons
most resume normal lives
no manic, hypomanic, or depression

Question 16

Delusional disorder

Answer 16

persistent belief that is contrary to reality in absence of other characteristics of schizophrenia
minimum duration of 1 month (can last for years)
lacks positive symptoms (other than delusions)
has specific subtypes

Question 17

Erotomanic type

Answer 17

central theme is that another person is in love with the individual

Question 18

Grandiose type

Answer 18

central theme is conviction of having some great talent or insight
inflated worth, power, knowledge

Question 19

Jealous type

Answer 19

Individual delusion is centered around partner being unfaithful (in spite of evidence)

Question 20

Persecutory type

Answer 20

central theme involves individual belief that he/she is being conspired against, spied on, fallowed, poisoned, or obstructed of his or her long term goals

Question 21

Somatic type

Answer 21

central theme involves bodily functions or sensations

-insects crawling on them

Question 22

mixed type

Answer 22

lack of predominant theme

Question 23

unspecified type

Answer 23

dominant delusions cannot be clearly determined or is not described in the specific types

Question 24

brief psychotic disorder

Answer 24

presence of one or more positive symptoms
lasts 1 month or less
usually triggered by stress or trauma
return to normal functioning

Question 25

Causes

Answer 25

genetic - multiple genes, inherited vulnerability
chemical - dopamine hypothesis, naturally high
brain- enlarged ventricles, hypofrontality (lower activity in frontal area)
psychological - stress

Question 26

Historical treatments

Answer 26

insulin induced coma
prefrontal labotamies
ECT

Question 27

antipsychotic medications

Answer 27

effective in positive symptoms
1st generation - side effects, extrapyramidal (lose control of tongue)
2nd generation- less dramatic side effects

Question 28

Psychosocial intervention

Answer 28

historical - psychoanalytic (Frued) little to no benefit

present- social and living skills training, family therapy, assertive community treatment (ACT)