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Abnormal Psyc > Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Anxiety

A

a negative mood state; bodily symptoms of tension
physiological, behavioral, subject sense unease
apprehensive, future oriented

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2
Q

Fear

A

immediate alarm reaction to real/perceived danger
activates sympathetic nervous system
immediate, present-oriented

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3
Q

Biological contributions to anxiety and fear

A

increased physiological vulnerability - polygenetic influences
Brain circuits and neurotransmitter - GABA
Limbic system

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4
Q

Social contributions to anxiety and fear

A

interpersonal - family, friends
occupational
education

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5
Q

Physiological contributions to anxiety and fear

A

sense of control
classical and operant conditioning
integrated w/ other factors

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6
Q

Triple Vulnerability theory

A

integrated model
generalized biological vulnerability - heritage contribution to negative affect
generalized psychological vulnerability - beliefs and perceptions, sense that events are uncontrollable or unpredictable
Specific psychological vulnerabilities - learning/modeling

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7
Q

Anxiety disorders have a

A

high comorbidity rates, 2 or more disorders at once

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8
Q

Rates

A

55-76%

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9
Q

suicide attempts and ideation

A

about 20%

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10
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

%, onset, course, sex ratio

A

Chronic intense, uncontrollable, worrying that is distressing, unproductive, accompanied by tenseness, irritability and restlessness
3.1% year 5.7% lifetime
insidious onset, chronic course
2 to 1 (F to M)

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11
Q

GAD differential diagnosis

A

social anxiety, OCD, PTSD, medical condition, dpressive, bipolar or psychotic disorders

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12
Q

Causes GAD

A 
free floating anxiety- historical explanation 
inherited tendency to be anxious 
increased threat sensitivity 
autonomic restrictions 
frontal lobe activation
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13
Q

pharmacological treatments of GAD

risks

A

benzodiazapines, effective short term, risks- addiction, impairs cognitive and motor functioning
antidepressants- paxil, effexor

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14
Q

Psychological treatments of GAD

A

same short term effectiveness compared to pharmacological

more effective as a long term

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15
Q

Cognitive behavior therapy for GAD

A

evoke worry process during sessions

teach coping strategies

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16
Q

Newer Treatment Focus of GAD

A

acceptance and medication with CBT

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17
Q

Panic Disorder

stats, onset, median age, sex ratio

A

recurrent panic attacks, fear of future panic attacks, and/or lifestyle changes to avoid panic attacks
2.7% year, 4.7% lifetime
2 to 1 ratio
median age 20-24, ranges from teens to 40’s

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18
Q

nocturnal panic attacks

A

60% w/ disorder experience it

NREM sleep; delta wave

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19
Q

Differential diagnosis Panic Disorder

A

other specified anxiety disorders, substance/medication induced

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20
Q

Agoraphobia

A

characterized by anxiety about being in specific places/situations in which escape may be difficult in event of panic
integrated with panic disorder in DSM 4 & 4TR
lasts 6 months or longer

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21
Q

Causes of Panic Disorder

A

generalized biological vulnerability - alarm reaction to stress, learned alarms (heart starts pounding panic attack happens)
generalized psychological vulnerability- anxiety about future attacks, hyper vigilance

22
Q

Development of Agoraphobia

A

cultural explanation- more socially acceptable for women to be anxious or afraid
gender differences- cultural explanation

23
Q

Treatments for panic disorder

A

Medications - SSRI’s, SNRI’s, benzodiazapines, high rate of relapse once meds are stopped
psychological interventions- exposure based, relaxation and breathing exercises
PCT
combined treatments- psychological and pharmacological

24
Q

Panic control treatment (PCT)

A

a CBT approach to panic attacks; involves gradual exposure to fear and modifications of perceptions

25
Q

Specific Phobias

A

irrational and extreme fear of object or situation that substantially interferes w/ ability to function

26
Q

Blood-injection-injury Phobia

A

needles, sight of blood, injury

onset about 7

27
Q

Situational phobia

A

transportation, small places

onset early to mid 20’s

28
Q

Animal phobia onset

A

age 7

29
Q

Natural environment phobia

A

heights, water

age 7

30
Q

Specific Phobia stats, ratio, course, causes

A

12.5% lifetime
8.7% year
chronic course
causes: direct exposure, vicarious experience, information transmission

31
Q

Treatments for specific phobias

A

CBT, exposure therapies, relaxation

32
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD)

stats,, causes, treatments, onset

A

extreme and irrational fear/shyness and avoidance of social or performance situations
12.1% life, 6.8% year
Onset: adolescence
Causes: generalized biological vulnerability, generalized psychological vulnerability, specific psychological vulnerabilities
Treatments: medications, SSRI’s, beta blockers, psychological CBT and exposure

33
Q

Separation Anxiety Disorder

A

excessive fear that harm will come to themselves or important people in their life

  • unrealistic and persistent
  • significant impairment
    4. 1% in childhood, 6.6% adulthood
34
Q

obsessions

A

unwanted recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, impulses, or images that cause anxiety/distress

35
Q

compulsion

A

repetitive behaviors or mental acts that the individual feels driven to perform in order to reduce anxiety/distress

36
Q

OCD characteristics

A

presence of recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions

must be time consuming and/or cause significant distress or impairment

37
Q

contamination (symptom subtype)

A

obsession: germs compulsion: repetitive washing, avoid touching

38
Q

symmetry (symptom subtype)

A

obsession: exactness compulsion: order, counting, repeated rituals

39
Q

forbidden thoughts/actions (symptom subtype)

A

obsession: fears, urges, harm
compulsion: checking, repeated reassurance

40
Q

Hoarding

A

obsession: fear of throwing away
compulsion: collecting, saving things

41
Q

Percentages of obsession

A

symmetry 26.7%
forbidden thoughts/actions 21%
contamination/cleaning 15.9%
hoarding 15.5%

42
Q

4 major categories of compulsion

A

checking, ordering, arranging, washing/cleaning

43
Q

OCD stats, course, onset, sex ratio

A

1.6% to 2.3% life
sex 1:1
chronic course
onset childhood to 30’s, 19 median age

44
Q

OCD causes

A

specific psychological vulnerability
early life experiences and learning
dangerous/unacceptable thoughts
thought action confusion

45
Q

OCD treatment

A

medication
psychosurgery
CBT
exposure and ritual prevention (ERP)

46
Q

PTSD

A

prolonged, severe stress response and development of characteristic symptoms to exposure to traumatic events

  • cannot be diagnosed until 1 month after traumatic event
  • victim re-experiences trauma, avoids stimuli ass. with, develops increase arousal and vigilance
  • reckelss/self destructive behavior, emotional numbing, interpersonal problems
47
Q

PTSD prevalence rates

A

6.8% lifetime

48
Q

PTSD is most common in

A

combat, sexual assaults, accidents

49
Q

causes of PTSD

A 
intensity of trauma
generalized biological vulnerability 
generalized psychological vulnerability 
social factors, social support 
neurobiological model- threatening cues (hear a car back fire and think its a bomb)
50
Q

PTSD treatments

A

CBT, imaginable exposure, increase coping skills and social support, psychoanalytic therapy,

Abnormal Psyc (17 decks)

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