Neurodevelopmental

Question 1

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Answer 1

ADHD
maladaptive levels of excessive activity, inattention, and impulsiveness that interferes w/ functioning or development
3 to 1 boys to girls

Question 2

Two categories of symtpoms

Answer 2

inattention vs. hyperactivity and impulsivity (specify)
most symptoms before age 12, must have 6 as a child, 4 as an adult
must be across all situations

Question 3

Causes

Answer 3

genetics (mixture), neurotransmitter dopamine
neurobiological- smaller brain volume
psychological and social factors- negative responses, poor self image

Question 4

Treatment

Answer 4

biological interventions
effects of medications
psychosocial intervention
comibined - recommended

Question 5

Biological interventions

Answer 5

stimulants vs. nonstimulants
trial and error approach
does ridilin work?

Question 6

effects of medication

Answer 6

reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity

increase attention and focus

Question 7

Psychosocial intervention

Answer 7

improve academic performance and social skills, decrease disruptive behavior
parent training
behavioral interventions before medications

Question 8

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 8

Persistent deficits in social communication, social intervention, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior/activities
DSM-IV separate disorders
DSM-5 spectrum

Question 9

Severity

Answer 9

level 1 requiring support
level 2 requiring substantial support
level 3 requiring very substantial support

Question 10

Neurocognitive disorders

Note* New chapter

Answer 10

affect multiple cognitive processes - learning, memory, consciousness
most develop later in life
three classes

Question 11

Delirium

Answer 11

impared cognition and consciousness that develops rapidly, lasts hours to days
confusion, disorientation, attention/memory/language deficits
subtypes - basically etiology
causes- drug intoxication, drug withdrawal, head injury, high fever/infections
treatment- education, coping, reasurrance

Question 12

Major neurocognitive disorders

Answer 12

gradual deterioration of brain functioning, affects memory, language, judgement, and other advanced cognitive processes

Question 13

mild neurocognitive disorders

Answer 13

new to DSM 5

focuses on attention to early stages of cognitive decline

Question 14

Initial symptoms

Answer 14

memory impairment, visuospatial skills deficits, agnosia (inability to recognize objects), facial agnosia

Question 15

common side effects

Answer 15

delusions, depression, agitation, aggression

Question 16

later symptoms

Answer 16

continued cognitive decline, assisted living activities

Question 17

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 17

Involves distinct pattern of structural
decline in brain w/ multiple cognitive deficits.
Neurofibrillary tangles = bundles of twisted neurons.
Amyloid plaques = deposits of amyloid protein and clumps of
dead neurons.

Question 18

Neurocognitive Disorder Due to Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 18

Develops gradually & steadily
Significant social & occupational impairments
Range of cognitive deficits
Difficulty w/ planning, organizing, or abstracting information

Question 19

The 3 A’s

Answer 19

Aphasia – difficulty w/ language
Apraxia – Impaired motor functioning
Agnosia – Failure to recognize objects

Question 20

Genetic influences

Answer 20

Chromosomes – 1, 12, 14, 19, 21
Chromosome 14 – early onset
Chromosome 19 – late onset

Question 21

Deterministic genes

Answer 21

Preseniln-1, Presenlin-2
β-amyloid precursor protein
APP gene on chromosome 21
APP produces amyloid in plaques

Question 22

Neurobiological influences

Answer 22

Neurofibrillary tangles
 Tau
 Amyloid plaques
 Mechanisms that may account for
 Amyloid precursor protein (APP)
 ApoE gene (ApoE2, ApoE3, ApoE4)
 ApoE4 on chromosome 19

Question 23

Psychosocial/social influences

Answer 23

Influence onset & course (not direct cause)

Lifestyle factors

Question 24

Treatments

Answer 24

3 areas of focus
 Prevent certain conditions
 Delaying onset
 Cope w/ advancing deterioration

Question 25

Psychosocial treatments

Answer 25

Main emphasis
 Coping strategies
 Behavioral interventions
 Implementing technology
Cognitive stimulation
 Teach adaptive skills
 Memory enhancement
 Memory wallet

Question 26

Biological

Answer 26

 Medication
 Cholinesterase-inhibitors
 New drugs target beta amyloid plaques