Chapter 3

Question 1

Clinical assessment

Answer 1

evaluation of psychological, social and biological factors an individual has that may be a psychological disorder

Question 2

funnel analogy

Answer 2

want as much info as possible to try and narrow down problem

Question 3

diagnosis

Answer 3

using DSM5, process of determining whether an individual meets the criteria for a psychological disorder

Question 4

vital components of assessment

Answer 4

reliability
validity
standardization

Question 5

reliability

Answer 5

degree to which a measure is consistent
inter-rater reliability: using it correctly
test-retest reliability

Question 6

validity

Answer 6

is it measuring what it is supposed to

Question 7

Standardization

Answer 7

establishment of norms for a measurement technique

provides normative population data

Question 8

Clinical interviews

Answer 8

current and past behaviors, attitudes, and emotions

detailed history of individual and presenting problem

Question 9

Semi-structured clinical interviews

Answer 9

previously established questions

can depart form questions

Question 10

Physical examination

Answer 10

important to rule out or diagnose physical etiologies

Question 11

Mental status exam

Answer 11

preliminary test often used to organize information obtained during interview
-appearance, behavior, thought processes, mood and affect, intellectual functioning, sensorium (aware of surroundings)

Question 12

Behavior assessment

Answer 12

systematic evaluation via direct observation and measurement of clients behavior, thoughts and feelings
ideal where clinical interviews are not appropriate
identify target behaviors

Question 13

ABC’s of observation

Answer 13

antecedents - whats going on before behavior happens
Behavior
Consequences

Question 14

Informal vs formal behavior assessment

Answer 14

Informal follows ABC’s

Formal operationally defined, scientific

Question 15

Self monitoring observation

Answer 15

ask client to take notes about own behavior

ideal for behaviors that occur in private

Question 16

Psychological testing

Answer 16

psychological testing includes specific tools to asses emotions, behavior and cognition

Question 17

name the personality inventories (2)

Answer 17

Minnesota multiphasic

MMPI2

Question 18

neuropsychological tests

Answer 18

various tests that measure language, attention, memory, concentration , motor skills, etc.
neuroimaging: CT scans, MRI , PET scan

Question 19

Projective tests

Answer 19

ambiguous drawings or situations presented and the individual projects his/her thoughts or feelings

Question 20

Thematic apperception test (TAT)

Answer 20

Individuals make inferences based off of ambiguous drawings of human figures
criticism: relies too heavily on interpretation of examiner

Question 21

Rorschachs inkblot test

Answer 21

10 inkblots
measures unconscious fears and personality will be projected on inkblots
controversial

Question 22

John Exnor

Answer 22

created comprehensive system for inkblots

made them have more reliability and validity

Question 23

Psychological assesment

Answer 23

measurements of changes in nervous system ass. w/ emotional events

Question 24

idiographic

Answer 24

approach to diagnosing psychological disorders

determination of individual unique features/attributes

Question 25

Nomothetic

Answer 25

approach to diagnosing | determination of general classes & common attributes

Question 26

taxonomy

Answer 26

classification in scientific context

Question 27

Nosology

Answer 27

taxonomy in psychological/medical contexts

Question 28

Nomenclature

Answer 28

nosological labels (mood disorder)

Question 29

Categorical approach

Answer 29

Emil Kreapelin each disorder is unique must meet all criteria to have disorder

Question 30

dimensional approach

Answer 30

somewhere on a line | ex: Kinsey's sexual orientation scale

Question 31

Prototypical approach

Answer 31

combines dimensional and categorical | flexible

Question 32

DSM 1 and DSM 2

Answer 32

based on unproven theories | unreliable

Question 33

DSM 3 and 3R

Answer 33

multiaxial system | must have specific things from each

Question 34

Axes 1

Answer 34

major disorders

Question 35

Axes 2

Answer 35

chronic disorders

Question 36

Axes 3

Answer 36

medical conditions

Question 37

Axes 4

Answer 37

amount of psychosocial stess

Question 38

Axes 5

Answer 38

rating of adaptive functioning

Question 39

DSM 4 and 4TR

Answer 39

based on research prototypical approach used 5 axes system changes axes 2: personality and intellectual disorders axes 4: psychosocial and enviromental problems that impact disorder

Question 40

DSM 5

Answer 40

removed multiaxial system added social and cultural considerations some disorders reclassified and new ones added

Question 41

criticisms of DSM 5

Answer 41

focuses too much on reliability at expense of validity complex of categorizing comorbidity

Question 42

Creating a diagnosis

Answer 42

differential diagnosis: make sure it doesn't fit a different diagnosis then what you are thinking Use of ICD codes caution about labeling and stigma