Chapter 2

Question 1

Genetic contributions

Answer 1

genes contribute to many disorders
Diathesis stress model
may have genetic predisposition to create environmental risk factors that promote disorders

Question 2

Diathesis stress model

Answer 2

combination of genetic vulnerability and stressors are related to produce psychological disorder

Question 3

Parts of neurons

remember basic function

Answer 3

soma
axon
dendrites 
myelin sheath 
axon terminals 
synaptic cleft  
(resting potential, action potential)

Question 4

brain circuits

Answer 4

currents of neurotransmitters

neural pathways

Question 5

agonists

Answer 5

mimic effects of neurotransmitter

Question 6

antagonists

Answer 6

inhibits neurotransmitter

Question 7

inverse agonists

Answer 7

produces opposite effect of neurotransmitter

Question 8

Glutamate

Answer 8

excitatory neurotransmitter

Question 9

GABA

Answer 9

inhibitory neurotransmitter

Question 10

Serotonin

Answer 10

regulates moods, thought processes and various behaviors
15 different serotonin receptors
associated with multiple psychological disorders

Question 11

norepinephrine

Answer 11

regulates heart rate, blood pressure, respiration and other bodily functions

Question 12

Dopamine

Answer 12

“switch” function in brain circuits
interacts with other neurotransmitters
associated with pleasure and movement

Question 13

Hindbrain

3 parts

Answer 13

basic physiological needs
Medulla- heart rate, blood pressure, breathing
Pons- regulates sleep
cerebellum- physical corrdination

Question 14

midbrain

Answer 14

coordinates movement with sensory information

Question 15

forebrain

Answer 15

thinking

Question 16

thalamus

Answer 16

relay station

brain to forebrain

Question 17

hypothalamus

Answer 17

regulates basic functions

hunger, thirst

Question 18

limbic system

Answer 18

emotions
basic drives 
memories 
impulse control 
hippocampus- memory 
amigdula- emotions

Question 19

cerebral cortex

Answer 19

higher mental processes

80% of neurons

Question 20

frontal lobe

Answer 20

prefrontal cortex

higher cognitive functions

Question 21

parietal lobe

Answer 21

body awareness

movement + touch

Question 22

occipital lobe

Answer 22

receiving and interpreting visual info

Question 23

temporal lobe

Answer 23

receiving and interpreting visual info

Question 24

peripheral nervous system

Answer 24

all nerves in the body that are not in the brain or spinal cord
divided into two parts- somatic and autonomic

Question 25

somatic

Answer 25

controls muscles interacts with external environment sensory and motor nerves

Question 26

Autonomic

Answer 26

automatically regulates basic functions sympathetic (activating) parasympathetic (normalizing)

Question 27

implications for psychopathology

Answer 27

exploring brain function, personality and development and vulnerability to disorder psychological influences on brain structures and function interactions of psychological factors and neurotransmitters

Question 28

what do psychosocial factors have to do with your physiology

Answer 28

research suggests psychosocial factors affect levels of structure and neurotransmitters

Question 29

learned helplessness

Answer 29

passive acceptance to conditions learned through repeated exposure

Question 30

Overmeier and Seligman

Answer 30

applies concept of learned helplessness to humans and depression positive psychology

Question 31

prepared learning

Answer 31

certain associations learned easily, evolutionary adaptive | selectively learn fears and phobias

Question 32

emotion

Answer 32

pattern of action elicited by external event + state of feeling along w/ characteristic physiological response (event + feeling + physiological response)

Question 33

3 components of emotion

Answer 33

behavioral, cognitive, physiological

Question 34

emotions and psychopathology

Answer 34

emotions can affect cognitive processes timing of emotional response degree of emotional response

Question 35

Name the other factors

Answer 35

``` gender emotion social relationship health social stigma life span development ```

Question 36

Gender

Answer 36

prevalence of disorders coping strategies responses to treatment

Question 37

social relationship

Answer 37

number | quality

Question 38

social stigma of psychological disorders

Answer 38

limits help seeking behavior influences distress helps maintain cycle of pathology

Question 39

life span development

Answer 39

important to take into consideration experiences during certain developmental stages that may influence vulnerabilities and stressors