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Psychological disorder > Personality Disorders > Flashcards

Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are personality disorders?

A

A persistent pattern of emotions, cognitions and behaviours that result in pervasive problems in personal and interpersonal functioning

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2
Q

Whan are personality disorders recognisable and how long do they last for

A

In adolescence or early adulthood
Symptoms usually last for years

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3
Q

What is the prevalence of personality disorders

A

10 percent of adults
40 percent of mental health outpatients

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4
Q

what are the 3 clusters of personality disorders?

A

Odd/Eccentric
Anxious/fearful
Dramatic/Erratic

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5
Q

What are the subcategories of avoidant/fearful?

A

Avoidant
Dependent -DSM said to remove
Obsessive compulsive

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6
Q

What is Avoidant Personality Disorder?

A
  1. Extreme sensitivity to others opinions
  2. one becomes highly avoidant of interpersonal relationships
  3. Fears rejection and criticism
  4. Has a low self esteem
  5. 80 percent of patients have co-morbid depression
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7
Q

What is avoidant personality disorder often compared to?

A

A more chronic, but less severe form of Social Anxiety Disorder- SAD

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8
Q

Why is avoidant personality disorder often compared to with social anxiety?

A

They have shared genetic vulnerability

their treatments are similar
- challenge low self esteem
Expose to social situations

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9
Q

Whats the difference between avoidant personality disorder and social anxiety disorder?

A

SAD patients are afraid of negative social evaluation but its more intense and limited to fewer settings

Avoidant is linked to more pervasive and strongly held views of inadequacy- hypersensitive to criticism

Avoidant symptoms present for lower,ie. from early adulthood.

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10
Q

Whats obsessive compulsive personality disorder?

A
  1. Perfection which ends up in tasks not getting completed
  2. Preoccupation w rules, details and organisation that goals get lost
  3. Excessive devotion to work which results in an exclusion of social life
  4. Being stubborn and rigid thinking
  5. Reluctance to delegate tasks- loves being in control
  6. Difficulty throwing things away- mild hoarding and miserly
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11
Q

What are the similarities between OCD and OCPD

A

OCD is rarer to could be the more extreme cases

They are both marked by ritualised and rigid behaviours

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12
Q

Differences between OCD and OCPD

A

OCPD- ego-syntonic (harmonise)
The desires for perfection are wanted

OCD- Dystonic
They are unwanted and intrusive and the person tries to suppress them

The majority of ppl with OCD do not have OCPD

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13
Q

Whats dependent personality disorder

A
  1. Deep reliance on others
    -fear of separation
    -clingy and submisssive
    - feeling of helplessness when alone
    -need to be taken care of
  2. Difficulty asserting disagreement- won’t speak up, don’t want to anger others
  3. Relies on others to make major and minor life decisions
  4. Vulnerable to exploitation and abuse
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14
Q

What are the subcategories of odd/eccentric?

A

Paranoid-DSM said to remove
Schizoid-DSM said to remove
Schizotypal

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15
Q

Whats paranoid personality disorder?

A
  1. mistrust and suspicion of others
  2. Hypervigilance to exploitation
  3. Preoccupied w doubts of suspicion and trustworthiness
  4. Extremely hostile
  5. Holds grudges and always gets involved in conflict
  6. Often isolated and has a poor quality of life
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16
Q

Whats schizoid personality disorder

A
  1. detachment from social relationships
  2. Very limited range of emotions- flat affect
  3. indifference to approval and criticism
  4. Not interested in pleasurable activities
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17
Q

Whats schizotypal personality disorder?

A
  1. Eccentric behaviour
  2. Socially isolated
  3. Highly suspicious of others
  4. Strange beliefs/theories
  5. Disorganised speech
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18
Q

Whats schizophrenia light?

A
  1. Similar (but milder) cognitive deficits
  2. Similar (but milder) brain changes
  3. Genetically-related to schizophrenia
  4. Treatment same- antipsychotics
19
Q

What are the subcategories of dramatic/erratic?

A

Antisocial
borderline
Histrionic -DSM said to remove
Narcissistic -DSM said to remove

20
Q

Whats antisocial personality disorder?

A
  1. Violation of rights of others
  2. Being irresponsible, aggressive, deceitful
  3. Lack of conscience, empathy or regret
  4. May be very charming but manipulative
  5. Law breaking is common- 75% meet criteria
21
Q

What is antisocial personality disorder usually referred to as?

A

Sociopathy/ psychopathy

22
Q

Whats the under arousal hypothesis for antisocial personality disorder?

A

That they have lower arousal to stimulation, ie. reduced startle

reduced fear response

23
Q

Why are Antisocial personality ppl more likely to commit crime

A

Because they’re less sensitive to punishment and are less scared

24
Q

How was the term narcissistic personality disorder coined?

A

From Greek figure Narcissus

25
Q

Whats narcissistic personality disorder?

A
  1. Exaggerated or unreasonable sense of self-importance,ie. grandiose delusions.
  2. Preoccupation with receiving attention
  3. Lack compassion for others
  4. Highly sensitive to criticism
  5. Arrogant and envious
26
Q

What are some theories behind why narcissism exists?

A

Parenting styles- you are so special

Low self-esteem

27
Q

Whats borderline personality disorder?

A
  1. Unstable moods
  2. Fear of abandonment
  3. Impulsivity - gambling, suicidal gestures
  4. Poor self image
  5. 80% comorbidity with depression
  6. 70% self har,
28
Q

Whats the prevalence of BPD?

A

Most prevalent personality disorder
20% of inpatient population

29
Q

What is the genetic aetiology of BPD

A

50 %

30
Q

Whats the environmental aetiology of BPD

A

Trauma and abuse

31
Q

Whats the neurological aetiology of BPD

A

High emotional reactivity

Morte reactive amygdyla

Less reactive prefrontal cortex

This causes more functional impairment than depression.

32
Q

What is Histrionic personality disorder?

A
  1. Dramatic/melodramatic behaviour
  2. Emotions are very shallow
  3. Sexually provocative
  4. Attention seeking- use their appearance to stand out
  5. Suggestible
33
Q

Difference between Histrionic personality disorder and hysteria?

A

Hysteria is true, deep-felt uncontrollable emotion

34
Q

What personality disorders are more common in men?

A

antisocial (5 times more)

Narcissistic

Schizotypal

35
Q

What personality disorders are more common in women?

A

Avoidant

dependant

paranoid

36
Q

What personality disorders are equally common in both genders?

A

Schizoid

Obsessie compulsie

histrionic

BPD- but more women are diagnosed

37
Q

How are personality disorders treated

A

Most people with personality disorders are seeking treatment for another disorder

Personality disorders make treatment more difficult

38
Q

Psychotherapy for personality disorders

A

Become aware of negative beliefs (e.g., everyone out to get me)

Try to challenge maladaptive ideas (e.g., around perfectionism)

Dialectical Behavior therapy for BPD (e.g., acceptance, emotional regulation, mindfulness, coping)

But treatments have limited efficacy (…except Dialectical for BPD)

39
Q

What are the main problems with DSM 5 diagnoses for personality disorders?

A
  1. Assessment practices are poor- most clinicians don’t used structured interviews
  2. Personality disorders are not stable over time
  3. Personality disorders are highly co-morbid
40
Q
  1. Assessment practices are poor- most clinicians don’t used structured interviews
A

Antisocial and obsessive-compulsive personality
disorders had questionable reliability

Narcissistic and schizotypal personality disorder were
seen too infrequently to be assessed

EXCEPTION: Borderline was a notable exception though.

41
Q
  1. Personality disorders are not stable over time
A

After 16 years 99% of diagnoses get remitted

42
Q
  1. Personality disorders are highly co-morbid
A

50% of people diagnosed with a personality disorder
meet the diagnostic criteria for another personality
disorder

Many patients with serious personality problems don’t
fit neatly into a personality disorder diagnosis - affects experiments where they want to make an independent variable

43
Q

Why are psych disorders messy?

A

The line between healthy and“abnormal” is blurred

The lines between different
diagnoses are blurred

No two individuals are alike

Psychological disorder (20 decks)

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