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Psychological disorder > Eating disorders COMPLETE > Flashcards

Eating disorders COMPLETE Flashcards

1
Q

What does anorexia translate to
And why is it controversial

A

Absence of appetite
Which is also a side effect to many other medical diseases like the flu
The name is not really realistic to describe the actual disorder

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2
Q

What are the DSM criteria for Anorexia

A
  1. Restriction of the required energy intakes for their body, ie age/sex/height, leading to low body weight
  2. Intense fear of weight gain or exercising behaviour that intervenes with weight gain even tho they are under weight
  3. Distorted self image
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3
Q

How do you calculate BMI?

A

Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared

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4
Q

In relation to the severity of anorexia, say what BMi would be considered:
1. Mild
2. Moderate
3. Severe
4. Extreme

A

Mild: above 17
Mederate: 16-16.99
Severe: 15-15.99
Extreme: Below 15

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5
Q

What is Binging- purging

A

vomititng/exercising/ laxatives after eating to limit calorie intake, when person is already under weight.

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6
Q

what is restricting

A

Dieting to limit calorie intake

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7
Q

What test is used to measure body image distortions?
What was found

A

Estimating how big their thigh is.

Healthy subjects over estimate by only 8 percent but eating disorder patients overestimated by 30 percent

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8
Q

What are the statistics of prevalence in regards to anorexia

A

It has a lifetime prevalence of 1 percent
10 times more common in females
Will most likely begin in adolescence
more common in western nations

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9
Q

Talk about the consequences of anorexia

A

It has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder
Person risks:
Anemia
Hair loss
Infertility
Kidney problems

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10
Q

What does bulimia translate to

A

Ox Hunger

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11
Q

What is the DSM criteria for Bulimia

A

Recurring episodes of binge eating,ie. eating large quantities of food with a lack of control

Recurrent compensatory behaviour, ie. taking laxatives, vomiting, exercise

Must occur at least once a week for 3 months

Influenced by body shape/weight

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12
Q

What’s the key difference between anorexia/ binge eating purging type and bulimia

A

For anorexia and Binge eating purging, there’s extreme weight loss

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13
Q

What’s the prevalence of bulimia

A

1-2% lifetime prevalence
90 percent of patients are females
occurs in adolescence
most patents are normal weight or overweight
75 percent recover

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14
Q

What are some consequences of bulimia

A

Erosion of dental enamel
Kidney failure
permanent colon damage
intestine problems

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15
Q

What is the DSM criteria for binge disorder

A
  1. recurrent behaviour of binge eating
  2. Binge eating associated with 3 or more of the following:
    A. Eating rapidly
    B. eating until uncomfortably full
    C. eating large amounts when not hungry
    D. Eating alone due to embarrassment
    E. feeling disgusted/depressed/guilty after over eating
  3. Distress due to the binge eating
  4. Absence of compensatory behaviours like purging
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16
Q

What is the prevalence of binge eating disorder

A

Has a life time prevalence of up to 4.7 %
More common in females(but not drastically)
Occurs in adolescence
Most patients are obese- have a BMI over 30

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17
Q

What are the consequences of binge eating disorder

A

Obesity
Diabetes
Back pain

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18
Q

What are some stigmas surrounding binge eating disorder?

A

That they are vain
Irresponsible
Lack self -care
give in to temptation

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19
Q

What are the statistics in regards to variability and genetics in both anorexia and bulimia

A

28-74 percent of the variability in anorexia due to genetic factors
54-83 for bullimia

20
Q

What is the main finding of strober et al in regards to genetic factors and anorexia and bullimia patients

A

A person has a higher risk of anorexia/bullimia if one of their first degree relatives have it

21
Q

What metabolites are decreased due to anorexia/bullimia

A

Dopamine- patients dopamine system doesn’t respond normally to rewards like food
serotonin

however.research lacks insight on malnutrition and acute starvation

22
Q

What’s the effect of weight restoration

A

The metabolites are no longer low as the carbohydrates increase extracellular serotonin through complex metabolic effects on tryptophan

23
Q

What other endorphin does starvation trigger

A

Opioids

24
Q

What is the effect of opioids

A

They reduce pain, enhance mood and produce a high, which may reinforce not eating

25
Q

What was the finding of opioids and bullimia and binge eating

A

Low levels of endogenous opioids

26
Q

In regards to brain structure/functioning, what was found in regards to anorexia

A

Have reduced grey matter
effects are mostly reversible once weight is restored

27
Q

In regards to brain structure/functioning, what was found in regards to binge eating disorder

A

Reduced volume in caudate and orbifrontal cortex

28
Q

what does reduced volume in caudate and orbifrontal cortex cause

A

failure in goal directed control
the patient is very habit prone and is easily triggered to act

29
Q

What are the predisposing factors for anorexia

A

Negative emotion
Drive for thinness

These straights are heritable and not related to body weight

30
Q

What are the predisposing factors for binge eating disorder and bulimia

A

Momentary stress
mood
Impulsivity
The stress triggers habitat behaviour and the lack of goal-directed control makes them consistent

31
Q

Comment on eating disorders over the years

A

The rates have drastically increased
No longer just derives from the intense fear of becoming fat
Social media has had a great effect- pro Ana websites, thinspo etc.

32
Q

What are some positives in contemporary society in relation to eating disorder

A

Different body types are being shown in advertising
Anti diet culture emerging
Magazines stopping photoshopping

33
Q

`What is the treatment for anorexia

A

Weight restoration
Long term maintenance off weight gain- psychoeducation/ family based therapy

34
Q

What’s the rationale behind family based therapy?

A

Extreme interdependence and intensity in the family contributes to the eating disorder issues
The adolescent doesn’t learn to be independent

35
Q

What is the maudsley method

A

Family based therapy
Focuses on weight gain under parents direction
Teaches them about referring and identifies the problem
separates the illness and patient to reduce blame
dynamic plan to adapt to family
age appropriate independence around food choices and weight

36
Q

Is Family based therapy effective?

A

More effective in early onset patients- before 19 with a shorter anorexia history of less than 3 months.
90 percent of them were symptom free after 5 years

37
Q

What is the treatment for bulimia

A

CBT- develop healthy eating patterns

psychoeducation- teaching them that no need to extremely restrict to be at a normal weight

38
Q

Is medication useful to treat eating disorders

A

Not effective for anorexia

Antidepressants effective in bulimia and binge eating but CBT more effective
Anti epileptic med may be useful to decrease appetite

39
Q

What new disorders were recently introduced by DSM 5 and what are eating disorders now called

A

Feeding and eating disorders

Pica
Rumination
Avoidant/restrictibe food intake disorder
all used to be childhood disorders

40
Q

What is pica

A

Persistent eating of non food items like paper, chalk
Diagnosis only occurs when person gains medical problems, seen mostly where ppl have intellectual disabilities or brain damage
Sometimes there’s a compulsive quality

41
Q

What is rumination disorder?

A

Regurgitation of food, but not to lose weight

42
Q

What is ARFID

A

limited consumption of food because of appearance/taste/ smell

do not match eating disorder diagnosis but clinically significant distress
linked to old and autism

43
Q

Side effects of anorexia

A

1 Anemia
2 Bone and muscle loss
3 Hair loss
4. Lanugo- hair growth in areas that don’t normally have hair
5 infertility/ aménorrhée
6 Kidney problems
7. Electrolyte imbalance
8. Arrhythmia- sudden death
9 suicide

44
Q

Side effects of bullimia

A

• Erosion of dental enamel: vomit regularly
• Electrolyte imbalance
• Kidney failure
• Cardiac arrhythmia
• Seizures
• Intestinal problems
• Permanent colon damage

45
Q

Side effects of bED

A

• Obesity
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Cardiovascular problems
• Back pain
• Joint issues
• Sleep-related breathing issues
• Anxiety
• Irritable bowel syndrome

Psychological disorder (20 decks)

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