Peroxisome Flashcards
What is a peroxisome?
membrane-bound organelle that contains enzymes primarily involved in lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification.
What do peroxisomal enzymes do?
transfer hydrogen atoms from molecules to oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which helps neutralize toxins like alcohol.
What are reactive oxygen species (ROS)?
ROS are highly reactive byproducts of cellular processes, including mitochondrial ATP production and oxygen metabolism
Give examples of reactive oxygen species
hydroxyl radical (OH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide (O2−).
Why are free radicals reactive?
Free radicals contain unpaired electrons, making them highly reactive and capable of causing cellular damage.
What cellular damage can free radicals cause?
Free radicals can oxidize molecules, leading to cell damage and potentially cell death.
ow do peroxisomes help neutralize free radicals?
Peroxisomes contain enzymes that convert toxic H2O2 into water and oxygen, preventing cellular damage.
Which organ has a high number of peroxisomes and why?
The liver, because it plays a major role in detoxifying the blood.
What role do antioxidants play in cellular defense?
by being oxidized themselves, stopping destructive chain reactions.
What is oxidative stress?
Oxidative stress occurs when ROS accumulate beyond the cell’s defensive capacity, causing damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA.
What are some diseases linked to oxidative stress?
Alzheimer disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, Parkinson disease, arthritis, Huntington disease, and schizophrenia.
How is oxidative stress related to aging?
Many scientists believe oxidative stress contributes to the aging process by causing cumulative cellular damage.
