Peripheral Neuropathy - 110 Flashcards
What is in grey matter and white matter?
Cell bodies - grey
Axons - white
What 2 cell types produce myelin for nerves?
Schwann cell (PNS) and Oligodendrocytes (CNS)
What neurotransmitter do pre-ganglionic neurones almost always use?
Acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter do post ganglionic neurones almost always use?
Parasympathetic - almost always ACh, acts on muscarinic receptors
Sympathetic - almost always Noradrenaline, acts on adrenergic receptors
What is Horner’s syndrome due to and what does it cause?
Damaged cranial nerve on 1 side. Signs are: Ptosis, miosis, anyhdrosis.
What is Frey’s syndrome?
Damage to the nerves on the side of the head that supply the carotid gland (e.g. caused by surgery or trauma). The nerve becomes diverted and innervates sweat glands causing sweating in the area you should be salivating
In what direction does axonal damage in diabetes occur?
It starts in the periphery and moves towards the CNS
What is Charcot Marie Tooth disease?
Genetic deficiency of myelin sheath. Initial symptom is usually foot drop.
What are the 2 types of axonal degeneration?
Distal and wolerian (all together)
Name 3 disorders of the neuromuscular junction
Myasthenia gravis - (Abs against Ach receptors)
Lambert Eaton myasthenia gravis - (Abs against voltage gated Ca channels)
Neuromyotomia - (Abs against voltage gated K channels)
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
Compression of the median nerve. People often complain of tingling in the lateral 3 1/2 fingers. Hypothenar eminence, weakness of thumb
In what people might ulnar nerve compression be more commonly seen?
Lorry drivers. Causes weakness throughout most of the hand - claw hand
How might radial nerve compression be seen?
Drop arm
What nerve is most at risk in a fracture of the humerus?
Radial nerve
