Aortic Stenosis - 146 Flashcards
Name 3 causes of aortic stenosis
1) calcific degeneration
2) Bicuspid valve
3) rheumatic disease
What are the affects to the heart of aortic stenosis?
L ventricular hypertrophy
L ventricular failure
What would you see on examination of a patient with aortic stenosis?
- Slow rising pulse
- Apex thrust
- Ejection systolic murmur (heard between 1st and 2nd heart sounds)
- Breath sounds
What are you looking at/for in an echo of a patient with aortic stenosis?
Valve morphology, valve area, gradient
What is the pathophysiology behind aortic stenosis?
- Increase in LV pressure needed to maintain CO
- Leads to LV hypertrophy
When do most patients with a bicuspid aortic valve present?
40s or 50s
What would the most favourable surgical treatment be in children with aortic stenosis?
Pulmonary autograft
What is the first heart sound due to?
Closure of the AV valves (mitral and tricuspid)
What is the second heart sound due to?
Closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
When does the mitral valve open?
When LVP is lower than atrial pressure
How do you calculate stroke volume?
SV= EDV-ESV
How do you calculate ejection fraction? What is it?
Fraction of blood ejected relative to amount in it.
SV/EDV
What is the average pressure in the R atrium?
0-4mmHg
What are the average R and L ventricular pressures?
Right - 25mmHg systole, 4mmHg diastole
Left - 120mmHg systole, 10mmHg diastole
What is the average pressure of the pulmonary artery?
25mmHg systole.
10mmHg diastole
