Hypovolaemia - 107 Flashcards
What are the 4 types of shock?
Hypovolaemic, obstructive, maldistributive, cardiogenic.
What is hypovolaemia?
20% loss of circulatory blood volume.
What blood test would you do to measure severity of shock?
Lactic acid
What is a portal system?
2 capillary beds in series. Can be seen around nephrons.
What is blood pressure a product of?
Cardiac output x vessel resistance
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus?
Microscopic structure in the kidney that regulates the function of each nephron. Consist of: macula densa, agranular cells.
What is Starling’s Law of the Heart?
The greater the filling of the heart, the greater the contraction.
What is the windkessel effect?
At the beginning of the aorta is the windkessel device. Blood comes out the aorta at very high pressure, the elasticity of the arteries modifies changes in pressure so it doesn’t vary drastically from high to low pressure.
What does the baroreceptor reflex detect?
It is a fast response that detects stretch. If stretch increases it decreases HR and stroke volume. This relaxes the heart and reduces bp.
What does the chemoreceptor reflex do?
A fast response that increases HR in response to low O2.
Where are chemo- and baroreceptors located?
The carotid bodies.
What does atrial natriuretic peptide do?
It promotes Na and H2O excretion and lowers bp.
Roughly how many litres of fluid are filtered through the glomeruli each day?
~170L
What are the functions of the kidney?
Excretion of toxic metabolites Acid/base balance RBC production BP regulation Counter current multiplier - increases conc of urine
Roughly how many litres of urine are produced daily?
~3L
