Antibiotics

Question 0

What is the mode of action of aminoglycosides and give some examples of these drugs

Answer 0

Enter bacterial cells via oxygen-dependent transport systems. Binds to 30S sub unit and inhibit protein synthesis.
Gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin

Question 1

What is the mode of action of macrolides and give 3 example of these drugs

Answer 1

They bind to the 50S ribosome subunit and inhibit protein synthesis thus blocking translocation.
Erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin

Question 2

What is the mode of action of quinolones? Give some examples

Answer 2

Inhibits DNA gyrase so DNA can’t be coiled. They are bactericidal.
Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin

Question 3

What is the mode of action of tetracyclines? Give examples

Answer 3

Bind to ribosome and prevent addition of amino acids during protein synthesis.
Doxycycline, tetracycline, oxytetracycline

Question 4

What is the mode of action of trimethoprim?

Answer 4

Antimetabolite, inhibits bacterial conversion of folate to active folate.

Question 5

What is the mode of action of metronidazolel?

Answer 5

Causes DNA damage in bacterial cells. Used against anaerobic infections

Question 6

What is the mode of action of glycopeptides? Give examples

Answer 6

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis and causes secondary damage to the cytoplasmic membrane. Bactericidal.
Vancomycin, teicoplanin

Question 7

What is the mode of action of Rifampicin?

Answer 7

Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in bacterial cells.
Uses - TB. Always used in combination with another ABX, e.g. vancomycin

Question 8

What is the mode of action of Oxazolidinones?

Answer 8

Prevent translation as 70S formation is inhibited.

Linezolid

Question 9

What is the mode of action of Penicillins?

Answer 9

Interfere with cross-linking of bacterial cell wall. Active on dividing cells only.
Penicillin V, flucloxacillin, amoxicillin etc

Question 10

What is the mode of action of cephalosporins?

Answer 10

Interfere with cross linking of bacterial cell wall.
1st generation
2nd generation
3rd generation

Question 12

What are the mechanisms of action by which antibiotics can work?

Answer 12

1) Disruption of cell wall
2) Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
3) Inhibition of protein synthesis
4) Antimetabolite activity

Question 13

What drug can cause photosensitivity reactions?

Answer 13

Doxycycline

Question 14

Name a carbapenem administered IV once a day

Answer 14

Ertapenem

Question 15

What drug is the first line for UTIs?

Answer 15

Trimethoprim

Question 16

What penicillin is NOT orally active and can be used IV to treat meningitis and cellulitis?

Answer 16

Benzylpenicillin

Question 17

Rifampicin is first line treatment for what?

Answer 17

Tb

Question 18

What drug can be used if a patient has a penicillin allergy?

Answer 18

Clarithromycin - a macrolide

Question 19

What is the first line treatment for pneumonia? (brand name)

Answer 19

Tazocin

Question 20

What drug is active both orally and IV against MRSA?

Answer 20

Linezolid

Question 21

What drug can cause red man syndrome if administered too quickly?

Answer 21

Vancomycin

Question 22

This drug can be used to treat anaerobic infections and when taking it patients cannot drink alcohol. What is the drug?

Answer 22

Metronidazole

Question 23

This class of drug should not be used in children under 12 years of age as it deposits in bones and teeth discolouring them. What is the drug?

Answer 23

Tetracyclines

Question 24

This drug causes bodily fluids to turn orange. What is the drug?

Answer 24

Rifampicin

Question 25

What class of drug (with an example of a drug) should be used with caution in epilepsy? Why?

Answer 25

Quinolones, e.g. ciprofloxacin. Lowers seizure threshold

Question 26

What is the first line treatment for cellulitis?

Answer 26

Flucloxacillin

Question 27

Give an example of a beta lactamase inhibitor

Answer 27

Clavulanic acid