Osteoarthritis - 125 Flashcards
What term describes pain that arises from joints?
Arthralgia
What is arthritis?
Objective joint abnormality
How many joints must be infected for arthritis to be classed as polyarthritis?
4 or more
What is the term to describe tendon sheath inflammation?
Tenosynovitis
What is myositis?
Inflammatory disease of a muscle
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
A chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton -> so has central clinical manifestations
What is osteoarthritis?
A group of mechanical abnormalities involving the degradation of joints, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone.
* Simple terms - OA is joint failure
Where are clinical manifestations of OA?
Peripherally
What is the most common joint disorder?
Osteoarthritis
Name some risk factors for OA
Hereditary, obesity, hypermobility, smoking
What is normal chondrocyte function dependent on?
Intermittent joint loading
Describe the pathological changes in OA
Focal destruction of cartilage, sclerosis of subchondral bone, subchondral cysts, osteophytes
What investigations would be done on a patient with suspected OA?
History, examination and X-ray
No lab testing is diagnostic
What might you see on the x ray of a patient with OA?
Osteophytes, joint space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis, subchondral cysts
How can OA be treated?
Conservative management: weight loss, exercises, supportive devices
Drug treatment: NSAIDs, paracetamol, mild opiods, intra-articular corticosteroids
Surgery
What does Wolff’a law state?
The shape and structure of bones is a reflection of their mechanical loading history -> this now includes MSK tissues too.
What kind of fractures can compression forces lead to?
vertebral
What kind of fractures are tensile forces on bone associated with?
Avulsion fractures (tendon pulls off a small chunk of bone)
What acts as springs in locomotion by storing energy when stretched and releasing it to complement muscle force on recoil?
Tendons
As forces increase, what happens to ligaments?
They become stiffer
What are the 4 major properties of skeletal muscle?
Irritability, contractability, extensibility, elasticity
What does a muscle synergist do?
Prevents the unwanted movements that would be produced if the prime movers acted alone
Describe the 3 parts to muscle mechanics
1) swing - moves angle of mobile bone
2) shunt - compresses the bones together
3) spin - twists mobile bone along its long axis
Name 2 factors that limit skeletal movement and how they are different
Passive insufficiency -> doesn’t allow movement at both joints simultaneously
Active insufficiency -> inability of a muscle to contract by more than a fixed amount
